Sonnenwald, F., Hart, James, West, Patrick, Stovin, V. R. and Guymer, I. (2017) Transverse and longitudinal mixing in real emergent vegetation at low velocities. Water Resources Research, 53 (1). pp. 961-978. doi:10.1002/2016WR019937 ISSN 0043-1397.

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Abstract

Understanding solute mixing within real vegetation is critical to predicting and evaluating the performance of engineered natural systems such as stormwater ponds. For the first time, mixing has been quantified through simultaneous laboratory measurements of transverse and longitudinal dispersion within artificial and real emergent vegetation. Dispersion coefficients derived from a routing solution to the 2D Advection Dispersion Equation (ADE) are presented that compare the effects of vegetation type (artificial, Typha latifolia or Carex acutiformis) and growth season (winter or summer). The new experimental dispersion coefficients are plotted with the experimental values from other studies and used to review existing mixing models for emergent vegetation. The existing mixing models fail to predict the observed mixing within natural vegetation, particularly for transverse dispersion, reflecting the complexity of processes associated with the heterogeneous nature of real vegetation. Observed stem diameter distributions are utilized to highlight the sensitivity of existing models to this key length-scale descriptor, leading to a recommendation that future models intended for application to real vegetation should be based on probabilistic descriptions of both stem diameters and stem spacings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Storm water retention basins, Aquatic plants
Journal or Publication Title:	Water Resources Research
Publisher:	American Geophysical Union
ISSN:	0043-1397
Official Date:	31 January 2017
Dates:	Date Event 31 January 2017 Published 8 January 2017 Available 3 January 2017 Accepted 13 October 2016 Submitted
Volume:	53
Number:	1
Page Range:	pp. 961-978
DOI:	10.1002/2016WR019937
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	11 January 2017
Date of first compliant Open Access:	3 July 2017
Funder:	Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Grant number:	EP/ K024442/1, EP/K025589/1

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