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Sharpening the anaphase switch
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Meadows, John C. and Millar, Jonathan B. A. (2015) Sharpening the anaphase switch. Biochemical Society Transactions, 43 (1). pp. 19-22. doi:10.1042/BST20140250 ISSN 0300-5127.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20140250
Abstract
The segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis is one of the most easily visualized, yet most remarkable, events during the life cycle of a cell. The accuracy of this process is essential to maintain ploidy during cell duplication. Over the past 20 years, substantial progress has been made in identifying components of both the kinetochore and the mitotic spindle that generate the force to move mitotic chromosomes. Additionally, we now have a reasonable, albeit incomplete, understanding of the molecular and biochemical events that are involved in establishing and dissolving sister-chromatid cohesion. However, it is less well-understood how this dissolution of cohesion occurs synchronously on all chromosomes at the onset of anaphase. At the centre of the action is the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that, in association with its activator cell-division cycle protein 20 homologue (Cdc20), is responsible for the destruction of securin. This leads to the activation of separase, a specialized protease that cleaves the kleisin-subunit of the cohesin complex, to relieve cohesion between sister chromatids. APC/C–Cdc20 is also responsible for the destruction of cyclin B and therefore inactivation of the cyclin B–cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). This latter event induces a change in the microtubule dynamics that results in the movement of sister chromatids to spindle poles (anaphase A), spindle elongation (anaphase B) and the onset of cytokinesis. In the present paper, we review the emerging evidence that multiple, spatially and temporally regulated feedback loops ensure anaphase onset is rapid, co-ordinated and irreversible.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divisions: | Other > Institute of Advanced Study Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Journal or Publication Title: | Biochemical Society Transactions | ||||
| Publisher: | Portland Press Ltd | ||||
| ISSN: | 0300-5127 | ||||
| Official Date: | 1 February 2015 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 43 | ||||
| Number: | 1 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 19-22 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1042/BST20140250 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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