Mishima, Masanori and Lee, Kian-Yong (2015) Central spindle robustness by PRC1-centralspindlin interaction. Cell Cycle, 14 (22). pp. 3515-3516. doi:10.1080/15384101.2015.1093447 ISSN 1538-4101.

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Abstract

Mitotic apparatus (MA) plays central roles in cell division for both mitosis and cytokinesis. It achieves these mechanical tasks by changing its morphology under the control of cell cycle machinery. This relies on dynamic polymerization and depolymerization cycles of microtubules and their assembly into higher order structures such as bundles involving various microtubule regulators. A dramatic remodeling of the MA occurs at the metaphase to anaphase transition (Fig. 1). Before this, 2 spindle poles are connected both by interpolar microtubules and by kinetochore microtubules attaching the unsegregated chromatids. After anaphase onset, the link via kinetochore microtubules and chromosomes disappears due to loss of chromosome cohesion. As a consequence, the interpolar microtubules, which have now developed into a more prominent structure termed the central spindle, become the sole mechanical link between the 2 poles (Fig. 1, case i). Metaphase-anaphase transition also promotes the growth of astral microtubules. Dynein anchored at the cell cortex interacts with the astral microtubules and generates mechanical forces (cortical pulling forces) that pull spindle poles toward the cell cortex.1 Grill SW, et al. Nature 2001; 409(6820):630-3; PMID:11214323; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35054572 [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] In some cell types such as the C. elegans embryos, cortical pulling force is the major driving force for chromosome separation via elongation of the pole-to-pole distance (anaphase B). In this situation, the central spindle is dispensable for chromosome segregation; it rather works as a brake against the cortical pulling force. Indeed, in C. elegans embryos, chromosome separation is accelerated when the central spindle is severed by laser manipulation or by genetic perturbation.2 Saunders AM, et al. Curr Biol 2007; 17(12):R453-4; PMID:17580072; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.001 [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] So, why does a cell form the central spindle? Well, this is because it has an important role in cytokinesis.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Natural history
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Cell & Developmental Biology Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Cytokinesis, Cell division, Mitosis, Microtubules
Journal or Publication Title:	Cell Cycle
Publisher:	Landes Bioscience
ISSN:	1538-4101
Official Date:	2015
Dates:	Date Event 2015 Published 23 September 2015 Available 30 August 2015 Accepted 5 August 2015 Submitted
Volume:	14
Number:	22
Page Range:	pp. 3515-3516
DOI:	10.1080/15384101.2015.1093447
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Date of first compliant deposit:	18 January 2017
Date of first compliant Open Access:	18 January 2017

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