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Chloroplasts play a central role in plant defence and are targeted by pathogen effectors
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de Torres Zabala, Marta, Littlejohn, George, Jayaraman, Siddharth, Studholme, David, Bailey, Trevor, Lawson, Tracy, Tillich, Michael, Licht, Dirk, Bölter, Bettina, Delfino, Laura, Truman, William, Mansfield, John, Smirnoff, Nicholas and Grant, Murray (2015) Chloroplasts play a central role in plant defence and are targeted by pathogen effectors. Nature Plants, 1 (6). 15074. doi:10.1038/nplants.2015.74 ISSN 2055-0278.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.74
Abstract
Microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) receptors in plants recognize MAMPs and activate basal defences; however a complete understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms conferring immunity remains elusive. Pathogens suppress active defence in plants through the combined action of effector proteins. Here we show that the chloroplast is a key component of early immune responses. MAMP perception triggers the rapid, large-scale suppression of nuclear encoded chloroplast-targeted genes (NECGs). Virulent Pseudomonas syringae effectors reprogramme NECG expression in Arabidopsis, target the chloroplast and inhibit photosynthetic CO2 assimilation through disruption of photosystem II. This activity prevents a chloroplastic reactive oxygen burst. These physiological changes precede bacterial multiplication and coincide with pathogen-induced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. MAMP pretreatment protects chloroplasts from effector manipulation, whereas application of ABA or the inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport, DCMU, abolishes the MAMP-induced chloroplastic reactive oxygen burst, and enhances growth of a P. syringae hrpA mutant that fails to secrete effectors.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Nature Plants | ||||||||
| Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 2055-0278 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | 1 June 2015 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 1 | ||||||||
| Number: | 6 | ||||||||
| Article Number: | 15074 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1038/nplants.2015.74 | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Adapted As: |
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