Gaylard, A. P., Kirwan, Kerry and Lockerby, Duncan A. (2017) Surface contamination of cars : a review. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Proceedings. Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 231 (9). pp. 1160-1176. doi:10.1177/0954407017695141 ISSN 0954-4070.

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Abstract

This review surveys the problem of surface contamination for cars, which poses a growing engineering challenge to vehicle manufacturers, operators and users. Both drivers’ vision and vehicle visibility need to be maintained under a wide range of environmental conditions. This requires managing the flow of surface water on wind screens and side glazing. The rate of deposition of solid contaminants on glazing, lights, license plates and external mirrors also needs to be minimised. Maintaining vehicle aesthetics and limiting the transfer of contaminants to the hands and clothes of users from soiled surfaces are also significant issues. Recently, keeping camera lenses clean has emerged as a key concern, as these systems transition from occasional manoeuvring aids to sensors for safety systems. The deposition of water and solid contaminants onto car surfaces is strongly influenced by unsteady vehicle aerodynamic effects. Airborne water droplets falling as rain or lifted as spray by tyres interact with wakes, vortices and shear flows and accumulate on vehicle surfaces as a consequence. The same aerodynamic effects also control the movement of surface water droplets, rivulets and films; hence, particular attention is paid to surface water management over the front side-glass and the deposition of contaminants on the rear surfaces. The test methods used in the automotive industry are reviewed, as are numerical simulation techniques.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TH Building construction T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Surface contamination, Product design, Automobiles -- Design and construction, Automobiles -- Aerodynamics
Journal or Publication Title:	Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Proceedings. Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
Publisher:	Sage Publications Ltd.
ISSN:	0954-4070
Official Date:	1 August 2017
Dates:	Date Event 1 August 2017 Published 9 April 2017 Available 24 January 2017 Accepted
Volume:	231
Number:	9
Page Range:	pp. 1160-1176
DOI:	10.1177/0954407017695141
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	9 March 2017
Date of first compliant Open Access:	4 August 2017
Funder:	Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Jaguar Land Rover (Firm)
Grant number:	EP/K014102/1, EP/N016602/1, EP/K038664/1, EP/I011927/1
Related URLs:	Publisher

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