Sammallahti, Sara, Heinonen, Kati, Andersson, Sture, Lahti, Marius, Pirkola, Sami, Lahti, Jari, Pesonen, Anu-Katriina, Lano, Aulikki, Wolke, Dieter, Eriksson, Johan G., Kajantie, Eero and Räikkönen, Katri (2017) Growth after late-preterm birth and adult cognitive, academic, and mental health outcomes. Pediatric Research, 81 . pp. 767-774. doi:10.1038/pr.2016.276

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Abstract

Background:
Late-preterm birth (at 340/7–366/7 weeks’ gestation) increases the risk of early growth faltering, poorer neurocognitive functioning, and lower socio-economic attainment. Among early-preterm individuals, faster early growth benefits neurodevelopment, but it remains unknown whether these benefits extend to late-preterm individuals.

Methods:
In 108 late-preterm individuals, we examined if weight, head, or length growth between birth, 5 and 20 months’ corrected age, and 56 months, predicted grade point average and special education in comprehensive school, or neurocognitive abilities and psychiatric diagnoses/symptoms at 24–26 years of age.

Results:
For every 1 SD faster weight and head growth from birth to 5 months, and head growth from 5 to 20 months, participants had 0.19–0.41 SD units higher IQ, executive functioning score, and grade point average (95% confidence intervals 0.002–0.59 SD), and lower odds of special education (OR=0.49–0.59, 95% confidence intervals 0.28–0.97), after adjusting for sex, gestational age, follow-up age, and parental education. Faster head growth from 20 to 56 months was associated with less internalizing problems; otherwise we found no consistent associations with mental health outcomes.

Conclusions:
Faster growth during the critical early period after late-preterm birth is associated with better adult neurocognitive functioning, but not consistently with mental health outcomes.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Mental Health and Wellbeing Faculty of Science > Psychology Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Premature infants , Neurocommunication, Child mental health, Premature infants—Development
Journal or Publication Title:	Pediatric Research
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	0031-3998
Official Date:	5 January 2017
Dates:	Date Event 5 January 2017 Published 5 January 2017 Available 4 December 2017 Accepted 15 August 2017 Submitted
Date of first compliant deposit:	27 March 2017
Volume:	81
Page Range:	pp. 767-774
DOI:	10.1038/pr.2016.276
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
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