Prince, David C., Rallapalli, Ghanasyam, Xu, Deyang, Schoonbeek, Henk-jan, Cevik, Volkan, Asai, Shuta, Kemen, Eric, Cruz-Mireles, Neftaly, Kemen, Ariane C., Belhaj, Khaoula, Schornack, Sebastian, Kamoun, Sophien, Holub, E. B., Halkier, Barbara A. and Jones, Jonathan D. G. (2017) Albugo-imposed changes to tryptophan-derived antimicrobial metabolite biosynthesis may contribute to suppression of non-host resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Biology, 15 (20). 360. doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0360-z ISSN 1741-7007.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Plants are exposed to diverse pathogens and pests, yet most plants are resistant to most plant pathogens. Non-host resistance describes the ability of all members of a plant species to successfully prevent colonization by any given member of a pathogen species. White blister rust caused by Albugo species can overcome non-host resistance and enable secondary infection and reproduction of usually non-virulent pathogens, including the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans on Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the molecular basis of host defense suppression in this complex plant-microbe interaction is unclear. Here, we investigate specific defense mechanisms in Arabidopsis that are suppressed by Albugo infection.
RESULTS:
Gene expression profiling revealed that two species of Albugo upregulate genes associated with tryptophan-derived antimicrobial metabolites in Arabidopsis. Albugo laibachii-infected tissue has altered levels of these metabolites, with lower indol-3-yl methylglucosinolate and higher camalexin accumulation than uninfected tissue. We investigated the contribution of these Albugo-imposed phenotypes to suppression of non-host resistance to P. infestans. Absence of tryptophan-derived antimicrobial compounds enables P. infestans colonization of Arabidopsis, although to a lesser extent than Albugo-infected tissue. A. laibachii also suppresses a subset of genes regulated by salicylic acid; however, salicylic acid plays only a minor role in non-host resistance to P. infestans.
CONCLUSIONS:
Albugo sp. alter tryptophan-derived metabolites and suppress elements of the responses to salicylic acid in Arabidopsis. Albugo sp. imposed alterations in tryptophan-derived metabolites may play a role in Arabidopsis non-host resistance to P. infestans. Understanding the basis of non-host resistance to pathogens such as P. infestans could assist in development of strategies to elevate food security.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SB Plant culture
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Plant immunology, Plants -- Disease and pest resistance, Albugo candida, Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant-pathogen relationships
Journal or Publication Title:	BMC Biology
Publisher:	BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN:	1741-7007
Official Date:	20 March 2017
Dates:	Date Event 20 March 2017 Published 22 February 2017 Accepted
Volume:	15
Number:	20
Article Number:	360
DOI:	10.1186/s12915-017-0360-z
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Funder:	European Research Council (ERC), Gatsby Foundation, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Great Britain) (BBSRC), Danmarks Grundforskningsfond [Danish National Research Foundation], Nihon Gakujutsu Shinkōkai [Japan Society for the Promotion of Science] (NGS)
Grant number:	233376, BB/G042960/1, 99

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