(2015) Quality heterostructures from two-dimensional crystals unstable in air by their assembly in inert atmosphere. Nano Letters, 15 (8). pp. 4914-4921. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00648 ISSN 1530-6984.

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Abstract

Many layered materials can be cleaved down to individual atomic planes, similar to graphene, but only a small minority of them are stable under ambient conditions. The rest react and decompose in air, which has severely hindered their investigation and potential applications. Here we introduce a remedial approach based on cleavage, transfer, alignment, and encapsulation of air-sensitive crystals, all inside a controlled inert atmosphere. To illustrate the technology, we choose two archetypal two-dimensional crystals that are of intense scientific interest but are unstable in air: black phosphorus and niobium diselenide. Our field-effect devices made from their monolayers are conductive and fully stable under ambient conditions, which is in contrast to the counterparts processed
in air. NbSe2 remains superconducting down to the monolayer thickness. Starting with a trilayer, phosphorene devices reach sufficiently high mobilities to exhibit Landau quantization. The approach offers a venue to significantly expand the range of experimentally accessible two-dimensional crystals and their heterostructures.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Heterostructures -- Transport properties -- Testing, Superconductors, Electrical engineering -- Materials
Journal or Publication Title:	Nano Letters
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
ISSN:	1530-6984
Official Date:	1 July 2015
Dates:	Date Event 1 July 2015 Published
Volume:	15
Number:	8
Page Range:	pp. 4914-4921
DOI:	10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00648
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Copyright Holders:	American Chemical Society
Date of first compliant deposit:	26 April 2017
Date of first compliant Open Access:	26 April 2017
Funder:	Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Grant number:	EP/M028771/1

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