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Evolution of epithelial morphogenesis : phenotypic integration across multiple levels of biological organization
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Horn, Thorsten, Hilbrant, Maarten and Panfilio, Kristen A. (2015) Evolution of epithelial morphogenesis : phenotypic integration across multiple levels of biological organization. Frontiers in Genetics, 6 . 303. doi:10.3389/fgene.2015.00303 ISSN 1664-8021.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00303
Abstract
Morphogenesis involves the dynamic reorganization of cell and tissue shapes to create the three-dimensional body. Intriguingly, different species have evolved different morphogenetic processes to achieve the same general outcomes during embryonic development. How are meaningful comparisons between species made, and where do the differences lie? In this Perspective, we argue that examining the evolution of embryonic morphogenesis requires the simultaneous consideration of different levels of biological organization: (1) genes, (2) cells, (3) tissues, and (4) the entire egg, or other gestational context. To illustrate the importance of integrating these levels, we use the extraembryonic epithelia of insects—a lineage-specific innovation and evolutionary hotspot—as an exemplary case study. We discuss how recent functional data, primarily from RNAi experiments targeting the Hox3/Zen and U-shaped group transcription factors, provide insights into developmental processes at all four levels. Comparisons of these data from several species both challenge and inform our understanding of homology, in assessing how the process of epithelial morphogenesis has itself evolved.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | ||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Frontiers in Genetics | ||||
Publisher: | Frontiers Research Foundation | ||||
ISSN: | 1664-8021 | ||||
Official Date: | 29 September 2015 | ||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 6 | ||||
Article Number: | 303 | ||||
DOI: | 10.3389/fgene.2015.00303 | ||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) |
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