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Can people identify original and manipulated photos of real-world scenes?
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Nightingale, Sophie J., Wade, Kimberley A. and Watson, Derrick G. (2017) Can people identify original and manipulated photos of real-world scenes? Cognitive Research : Principles and Implications, 2 . 30. doi:10.1186/s41235-017-0067-2 ISSN 2365-7464.
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Official URL: http://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-017-0067-2
Abstract
Advances in digital technology mean that the creation of visually compelling photographic fakes is growing at an incredible speed. The prevalence of manipulated photos in our everyday lives invites an important, yet largely unanswered, question: Can people detect photo forgeries? Previous research using simple computer-generated stimuli suggests people are poor at detecting geometrical inconsistencies within a scene. We do not know, however, whether such limitations also apply to real-world scenes that contain common properties that the human visual system is attuned to processing. In two experiments we asked people to detect and locate manipulations within images of real-world scenes. Subjects demonstrated a limited ability to detect original and manipulated images. Furthermore, across both experiments, even when subjects correctly detected manipulated images, they were often unable to locate the manipulation. People’s ability to detect manipulated images was positively correlated with the extent of disruption to the underlying structure of the pixels in the photo. We also explored whether manipulation type and individual differences were associated with people’s ability to identify manipulations. Taken together, our findings show, for the first time, that people have poor ability to identify whether a real-world image is original or has been manipulated. The results have implications for professionals working with digital images in legal, media, and other domains.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TR Photography | ||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology | ||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Image processing -- Digital techniques., Photography -- Retouching, Visual perception., Computer crimes -- Investigation., Forensic psychology., Photography -- Digital techniques | ||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Cognitive Research : Principles and Implications | ||||||
| Publisher: | Springer | ||||||
| ISSN: | 2365-7464 | ||||||
| Official Date: | 18 July 2017 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 2 | ||||||
| Article Number: | 30 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.1186/s41235-017-0067-2 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 13 June 2017 | ||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 22 January 2018 | ||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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