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The performance of hard carbon in a sodium ion battery and influence of the sodium metal in observed properties
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Ledwoch, D., Brett, D. J. L. and Kendrick, Emma (2016) The performance of hard carbon in a sodium ion battery and influence of the sodium metal in observed properties. ECS Transactions, 72 (33). pp. 17-22. doi:10.1149/07233.0017ecst ISSN 1938-5862.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07233.0017ecst
Abstract
This investigation includes the electrochemical testing protocols for a hard carbon sodium ion anode material, and discusses the use of a sodium metal counter electrode with respect to the material and cell stability during the electrochemical testing. A 3-electrode cell in compression fitting (‘Swagelok’) configuration was used with hard carbon as the working electrode and sodium metal as the counter and reference electrode. The cells were charged and discharged at high rates to investigate the polarisation effects of the sodium metal. The results indicate a significant contribution from the sodium metal electrode to the observed cell characteristics, depending on state-of-charge and rate. These contributions are significant and may lead to misinterpretation of the material and electrode performance when tested in 2-electrode arrangements with a sodium metal counter electrode.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||
Journal or Publication Title: | ECS Transactions | ||||
Publisher: | Electrochemical Society, Inc. | ||||
ISSN: | 1938-5862 | ||||
Official Date: | 2016 | ||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 72 | ||||
Number: | 33 | ||||
Page Range: | pp. 17-22 | ||||
DOI: | 10.1149/07233.0017ecst | ||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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