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Effects of gestational age on brain volume and cognitive functions in generally healthy very preterm born children during school-age : a Voxel-based morphometry study

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Lemola, Sakari, Oser, Nadine, Urfer-Maurer, Natalie, Brand, Serge, Holsboer-Trachsler, Edith, Bechtel, Nina, Grob, Alexander, Weber, Peter and Datta, Alexandre N. (2017) Effects of gestational age on brain volume and cognitive functions in generally healthy very preterm born children during school-age : a Voxel-based morphometry study. PLoS One, 12 (8). e0183519. ISSN 1932-6203.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183519

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Abstract

Objective

To determine whether the relationship of gestational age (GA) with brain volumes and cognitive functions is linear or whether it follows a threshold model in preterm and term born children during school-age.

Study design

We studied 106 children (M = 10 years 1 month, SD = 16 months; 40 females) enrolled in primary school: 57 were healthy very preterm children (10 children born 24–27 completed weeks’ gestation (extremely preterm), 14 children born 28–29 completed weeks’ gestation, 19 children born 30–31 completed weeks’ gestation (very preterm), and 14 born 32 completed weeks’ gestation (moderately preterm)) all born appropriate for GA (AGA) and 49 term-born children. Neuroimaging involved voxel-based morphometry with the statistical parametric mapping software. Cognitive functions were assessed with the WISC-IV. General Linear Models and multiple regressions were conducted controlling age, sex, and maternal education.

Results

Compared to groups of children born 30 completed weeks’ gestation and later, children born <28 completed weeks’ gestation had less gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) and poorer cognitive functions including decreased full scale IQ, and processing speed. Differences in GMV partially mediated the relationship between GA and full scale IQ in preterm born children.

Conclusions

In preterm children who are born AGA and without major complications GA is associated with brain volume and cognitive functions. In particular, decreased brain volume becomes evident in the extremely preterm group (born <28 completed weeks’ gestation). In preterm children born 30 completed weeks’ gestation and later the relationship of GA with brain volume and cognitive functions may be less strong as previously thought.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Child development., Premature infants., Premature infants -- Development., Cognition disorders in children., Brain -- Wounds and injuries -- Complications., Neuroplasticity.
Journal or Publication Title: PLoS One
Publisher: Public Library of Science
ISSN: 1932-6203
Official Date: 29 August 2017
Dates:
DateEvent
29 August 2017Published
4 August 2017Accepted
Volume: 12
Number: 8
Article Number: e0183519
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 1 September 2017
Date of first compliant Open Access: 1 September 2017

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