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Microwave energy assisted synthesis of poly lactic acid via continuous reactive extrusion : modelling of reaction kinetics
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Dubey, Satya, Abhyankar, Hrushikesh A., Marchante, Veronica, Brighton, James L., Bergmann, Björn, Trinh, Giang and David, Chantal (2017) Microwave energy assisted synthesis of poly lactic acid via continuous reactive extrusion : modelling of reaction kinetics. RSC Advances , 7 (30). pp. 18529-18538. doi:10.1039/C6RA26514F ISSN 2046-2069.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6RA26514F
Abstract
The most commonly used batch process to manufacture PLA is ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide monomer in a suitable solvent, in the presence of a metallic/bimetallic catalyst (Sn, Zn, and Al) or other organic catalysts. However, this process does not lend itself to safer/cleaner and high throughput (and high volume) manufacturing. Continuous reactive extrusion of lactide monomer using a suitable reaction input has the potential to increase the throughput, and this route has been explored in the literature. In this work, reactive extrusion experiments using stannous octoate Sn(Oct)2 and tri-phenyl phosphine (PPh)3, were considered to perform ROP of lactide monomer using the microwave as an alternative energy (AE) source for activating and/or boosting the polymerization. Implementation of a microwave generator in a section of the extruder is one of the novelties of this research. A simulation model of ROP of PLA was formulated to estimate the impact of reaction kinetics and AE source on the polymerization process. Ludovic® software was used for the simulation of continuous reactive extrusion of the process. Experimental and simulated results were compared for the validation of the methodology. This work also highlights the advantages and drawbacks of most conventional metal catalysts, the effect of alternative energies on reaction mechanism, and safe and efficient production of PLA.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Polylactic acid -- Synthesis, Microwaves -- Industrial applications | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | RSC Advances | ||||||
Publisher: | Royal Society of Chemistry | ||||||
ISSN: | 2046-2069 | ||||||
Official Date: | 27 March 2017 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 7 | ||||||
Number: | 30 | ||||||
Page Range: | pp. 18529-18538 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.1039/C6RA26514F | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 25 August 2017 | ||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 29 August 2017 | ||||||
Funder: | Seventh Framework Programme (European Commission) (FP7) | ||||||
Grant number: | InnoREX project grant number: 309802 |
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