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An electronic nose system for monitoring the quality of potable water
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Gardner, J. W., Shin, Hyun Woo, Hines, Evor and Dow, Crawford S. (2000) An electronic nose system for monitoring the quality of potable water. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 69 (3). pp. 336-341. doi:10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00482-2
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00482-2
Abstract
A measurement system has been developed for the testing of cyanobacteria in water, and it consists of three main stages: the odour sampling system, an electronic nose (e-nose) and a CellFacts instrument that analyses liquid samples. The e-nose system, which employs an array of six commercial odour sensors, has been used to monitor not only different strains but also the growth phase of cyanobacteria (i.e. blue-green algae) in water over a 40-day period. Principal components analysis (PCA), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), learning vector quantisation (LVQ) and Fuzzy ARTMAP were used to analyse the response of the sensors. The optimal MLP network was found to classify correctly 97.1% of the unknown nontoxic and 100% of the unknown toxic cyanobacteria. The optimal LVQ and Fuzzy ARTMAP algorithms were able to classify 100% of both strains of cyanobacteria samples. The accuracy of MLP, LVQ and Fuzzy ARTMAP in terms of predicting four different growth phases of toxic cyanobacteria was 92.3%, 95.1% and 92.3%, respectively. These results show the potential application of neural network based e-noses to test the quality of potable water as an alternative to instruments, such as liquid chromatography or optical microscopy.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science > Engineering | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical | ||||
| Publisher: | Elsevier Science SA | ||||
| ISSN: | 0925-4005 | ||||
| Official Date: | 25 October 2000 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 69 | ||||
| Number: | 3 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 336-341 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00482-2 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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