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Dog skin parasite load, TLR-2, IL-10 and TNF-α expression and infectiousness

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Pereira-Fonseca, D. C. M., Oliveira-Rovai, F. M., Rodas, L. A. C., Beloti, C. A. C., Torrecilha, R. B. P., Ito, P. K. R. K., Avanço, S. V., Cipriano, R. S., Utsunomiya, Y. T., Hiramoto, R. M., Calvo-Bado, Leo A., Courtenay, Orin, Machado, G. F., Lima, V. M. F. and Nunes, C. M. (2017) Dog skin parasite load, TLR-2, IL-10 and TNF-α expression and infectiousness. Parasite Immunology, 39 (11). e12493. doi:10.1111/pim.12493

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pim.12493

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Abstract

Visceral leishmaniosis is a zoonotic disease that is transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies. Dogs are the main peri-urban reservoir of the disease, and progression of canine leishmaniosis is dependent on the type of immune response elaborated against the parasite. Type 1 immunity is characterized by effective cellular response, with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In contrast, Type 2 immunity is predominantly humoral, associated with progression of the disease and mediated by anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10). Although seemly important in the dynamics of leishmaniosis, other gene products such as toll-like receptor 2 (TRL-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) exert unclear roles in the determination of the type of immune response. Given that the dog skin serves as a micro-environment for the multiplication of Leishmania spp., we investigated the parasite load and the expression of TLR-2, iNOS, IL-10 and TNF-α in the skin of 29 infected and 8 control dogs. We found that increased parasite load leads to upregulation of TLR-2, IL-10 and TNF-α, indicating that abundance of these transcripts is associated with infection. We also performed a xenodiagnosis to demonstrate that increased parasitism is a risk factor for infectiousness to sandflies.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Kala-azar, Dogs -- Diseases -- Immunology, Sand flies
Journal or Publication Title: Parasite Immunology
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
ISSN: 0141-9838
Official Date: November 2017
Dates:
DateEvent
November 2017Published
12 October 2017Available
13 September 2017Accepted
Volume: 39
Number: 11
Article Number: e12493
DOI: 10.1111/pim.12493
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
Funder: Brazil. Coordenação do Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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