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Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control

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UNSPECIFIED (2003) Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, 131 (1). pp. 757-770. doi:10.1017/S0950268803008574 ISSN 0950-2688.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268803008574

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Abstract

A community-based seroepidemiological survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted in 1994 to inform on the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Venous blood from 4736 individuals under 50 years of age from 1262 households, selected using stratified cluster-sampling, was screened for HBV markers using commercial ELISAs. HBsAg prevalence was 7% (95% CI 6-8). higher in males (9%; 7-10) than females (5%; 4-6). HBeAg prevalence in HBsAg positives was 23% (18-29), and less than 1% of women of childbearing age were HBeAg positive. Overall HBV seroprevalence (any marker), rose steadily with age to over 70% in 40-49 year olds, indicating significant childhood and adult transmission. Estimated instantaneous incidence was 3-4/100 susceptibles/year, higher in males than females in 0-4 year olds, and peaking in early childhood and young adults. The age at which 50% had evidence of infection was around 20 years, and the herd immunity threshold is approximated at 63-77%. Addis Ababa is of intermediate-high HBV endemicity, with negligible perinatal transmission. Our main findings are the identification of a significant difference between males and females in the age-acquisition of HBV infection, and marked differences between age groups in HBV incidence rates. These results should target future research studies of underlying risk factors. Furthermore, we generate a crude estimate of the level of coverage of HBV vaccine that would be required to eliminate the virus from the study population.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR355 Virology
Journal or Publication Title: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
ISSN: 0950-2688
Official Date: August 2003
Dates:
DateEvent
August 2003UNSPECIFIED
Volume: 131
Number: 1
Number of Pages: 14
Page Range: pp. 757-770
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268803008574
Publication Status: Published

Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge

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