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Equipping community pharmacy workers as agents for health behaviour change : developing and testing a theory-based smoking cessation intervention
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Steed, Liz, Sohanpal, Ratna, James, Wai-Yee, Rivas, Carol, Jumbe, Sandra, Chater, Angel, Todd, Adam, Edwards, Elizabeth, Macneil, Virginia, Macfarlane, Fraser, Greenhalgh, Trisha, Griffiths, Chris, Eldridge, Sandra, Taylor, Stephanie and Walton, Robert T. (2017) Equipping community pharmacy workers as agents for health behaviour change : developing and testing a theory-based smoking cessation intervention. BMJ Open, 7 (8). e015637. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015637 ISSN 2044-6055.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015637
Abstract
Objective: To develop a complex intervention for community pharmacy staff to promote uptake of smoking cessation services and to increase quit rates.
Design: Following the Medical Research Council framework, we used a mixed-methods approach to develop, pilot and then refine the intervention.
Methods: Phase I: We used information from qualitative studies in pharmacies, systematic literature reviews and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation—Behaviour framework to inform design of the initial version of the intervention. Phase II: We then tested the acceptability of this intervention with smoking cessation advisers and assessed fidelity using actors who visited pharmacies posing as smokers, in a pilot study. Phase III: We reviewed the content and associated theory underpinning our intervention, taking account of the results of the earlier studies and a realist analysis of published literature. We then confirmed a logic model describing the intended operation of the intervention and used this model to refine the intervention and associated materials.
Setting: Eight community pharmacies in three inner east London boroughs.
Participants: 12 Stop Smoking Advisers.
Intervention: Two, 150 min, skills-based training sessions focused on communication and behaviour change skills with between session practice.
Results: The pilot study confirmed acceptability of the intervention and showed preliminary evidence of benefit; however, organisational barriers tended to limit effective operation. The pilot data and realist review pointed to additional use of Diffusion of Innovations Theory to seat the intervention in the wider organisational context.
Conclusions: We have developed and refined an intervention to promote smoking cessation services in community pharmacies, which we now plan to evaluate in a randomised controlled trial.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine | ||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Population, Evidence & Technologies (PET) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Smoking cessation -- Great Britain, Pharmacists, Community health services | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | BMJ Open | ||||||
Publisher: | BMJ | ||||||
ISSN: | 2044-6055 | ||||||
Official Date: | 1 August 2017 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 7 | ||||||
Number: | 8 | ||||||
Article Number: | e015637 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015637 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 10 November 2017 | ||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 10 November 2017 | ||||||
Funder: | National Institute for Health Research (Great Britain) (NIHR) | ||||||
Grant number: | Grant RP-PG-0609-10181 |
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