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Direct probing of polarization charge at nanoscale level

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Kwon, Owoong, Seol, Daehee, Lee, Dongkyu, Han, Hee, Lindfors-Vrejoiu, Ionela, Lee, Woo, Jesse, Stephen, Lee, Ho Nyung, Kalinin, Sergei V., Alexe, M. (Marin) and Kim, Yunseok (2017) Direct probing of polarization charge at nanoscale level. Advanced Materials . 1703675. doi:10.1002/adma.201703675

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703675

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Abstract

Ferroelectric materials possess spontaneous polarization that can be used for multiple applications. Owing to a long-term development of reducing the sizes of devices, the preparation of ferroelectric materials and devices is entering the nanometer-scale regime. Accordingly, to evaluate the ferroelectricity, there is a need to investigate the polarization charge at the nanoscale. Nonetheless, it is generally accepted that the detection of polarization charges using a conventional conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) without a top electrode is not feasible because the nanometer-scale radius of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip yields a very low signal-to-noise ratio. However, the detection is unrelated to the radius of an AFM tip and, in fact, a matter of the switched area. In this work, the direct probing of the polarization charge at the nanoscale is demonstrated using the positive-up-negative-down method based on the conventional CAFM approach without additional corrections or circuits to reduce the parasitic capacitance. The polarization charge densities of 73.7 and 119.0 µC cm−2 are successfully probed in ferroelectric nanocapacitors and thin films, respectively. The obtained results show the feasibility of the evaluation of polarization charge at the nanoscale and provide a new guideline for evaluating the ferroelectricity at the nanoscale.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QC Physics
T Technology > T Technology (General)
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Nanotechnology, Ferroelectricity -- Materials, Electrons -- Polarization
Journal or Publication Title: Advanced Materials
Publisher: Wiley - V C H Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
ISSN: 0935-9648
Official Date: 14 November 2017
Dates:
DateEvent
14 November 2017Available
14 November 2017Accepted
Article Number: 1703675
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703675
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
NRF-2014R1A4A1008474National Research Foundation of Koreahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725
UNSPECIFIEDBasic Energy Scienceshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006151
UNSPECIFIEDRoyal Societyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288

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