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In situ simultaneous photovoltaic and structural evolution of perovskite solar cells during film formation

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Alsari, Mejd, Bikondoa, Oier, Bishop, James, Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba, Y. Ozer, Lütfiye, Hampton, Mark, Thompson, Paul, T. Hörantner, Maximilian, Mahesh, Suhas, Greenland, Claire, Macdonald, J. Emyr, Palmisano, Giovanni, Snaith, Henry J., Lidzey, David G., Stranks, Samuel D., Friend, Richard H. and Lilliu, Samuele (2017) In situ simultaneous photovoltaic and structural evolution of perovskite solar cells during film formation. Energy & Environmental Science, 11 (2). pp. 383-393. doi:10.1039/c7ee03013d

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Official URL: http://doi.org/10.1039/c7ee03013d

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Abstract

Metal-halide perovskites show remarkably clean semiconductor behaviour, as evidenced by their excellent solar cell performance, in spite of the presence of many structural and chemical defects. Here, we show how this clean semiconductor performance sets in during the earliest phase of conversion from the metal salts and organic-based precursors and solvent, using simultaneous in situ synchrotron X-ray and in operando current–voltage measurements on films prepared on interdigitated back-contact substrates. These structures function as working solar cells as soon as sufficient semiconductor material is present across the electrodes. We find that at the first stages of conversion from the precursor phase, at the percolation threshold for bulk conductance, high photovoltages are observed, even though the bulk of the material is still present as precursors. This indicates that at the earliest stages of perovskite structure formation, the semiconductor gap is already well-defined and free of sub-gap trap states. The short circuit current, in contrast, continues to grow until the perovskite phase is fully formed, when there are bulk pathways for charge diffusion and collection. This work reveals important relationships between the precursors conversion and device performance and highlights the remarkable defect tolerance of perovskite materials.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Physics
SWORD Depositor: Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Photovoltaic power generation, Perovskite, Optoelectronic devices, Synchrotron radiation, Electric currents -- Measurement
Journal or Publication Title: Energy & Environmental Science
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
ISSN: 1754-5706
Official Date: 18 December 2017
Dates:
DateEvent
18 December 2017Published
18 December 2017Accepted
Volume: 11
Number: 2
Page Range: pp. 383-393
DOI: 10.1039/c7ee03013d
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Publisher Statement: ** From Crossref via Jisc Publications Router.
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
The President of the UAE’s Distinguished Student Scholarship ProgramAbū Ẓaby (United Arab Emirates : Emirate). Wizārat Shuʼūn al-Riʼāsah [Ministry of Presidential Affairs]https://viaf.org/viaf/265786098
PhD scholarship[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
EP/L01551X/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
PhD scholarshipNava Technology LimitedUNSPECIFIED
PhD scholarshipNyak Technology LimitedUNSPECIFIED
PIOF-GA-2013-622630Seventh Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011102

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