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Tokens, writing and (ac)counting : a conversation with Denise Schmandt-Besserat and Bill Maurer
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Wilding, Denise and Rowan, Clare (2017) Tokens, writing and (ac)counting : a conversation with Denise Schmandt-Besserat and Bill Maurer. Exchanges: the Warwick Research Journal, 5 (1). pp. 1-14. ISSN 2053-9665.
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Official URL: https://exchanges.warwick.ac.uk/article/view/196
Abstract
In her foundational study of Neolithic clay tokens, the renowned archaeologist Denise Schmandt-Besserat identified that different token shapes represented different goods and were used in accounting and distribution. When these tokens came to be stored in sealed clay envelopes (likely representing a debt), each token was impressed on the outside of the envelope before being placed inside (thus allowing people to see quickly what was within). Three-dimensional objects were thus reduced to two-dimensional representations, the first form of writing (and contributing to cuneiform script). These clay envelopes in turn developed into pictographic tablets; here each token did not have to be impressed into the clay in a 'one, one, one' system, but instead quantity was indicated by a numerical symbol - abstract number was born. Much of Schmandt-Besserat’s work can be found online at https://sites.utexas.edu/dsb/. Her book ‘How Writing Came About’ was listed by American Scientist magazine as one of the 100 books that shaped science in the 20th century, and she remains an active expert on all things ‘token’.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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| Subjects: | C Auxiliary Sciences of History > CC Archaeology | |||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Arts > Classics and Ancient History | |||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Cuneiform writing, Picture-writing, Material culture, Schmandt-Besserat, Denise -- Interviews, Maurer, Bill, 1968- -- Interviews | |||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Exchanges: the Warwick Research Journal | |||||||||
| Publisher: | Institute of Advanced Study | |||||||||
| ISSN: | 2053-9665 | |||||||||
| Official Date: | October 2017 | |||||||||
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| Volume: | 5 | |||||||||
| Number: | 1 | |||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 1-14 | |||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 17 August 2018 | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 17 August 2018 | |||||||||
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