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Probabilistic conditional reasoning : disentangling form and content with the dual-source model
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Singmann, Henrik, Klauer, Karl Christoph and Beller, Sieghard (2016) Probabilistic conditional reasoning : disentangling form and content with the dual-source model. Cognitive Psychology, 88 . pp. 61-87. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.06.005 ISSN 0010-0285.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.06.005
Abstract
The present research examines descriptive models of probabilistic conditional reasoning, that is of reasoning from uncertain conditionals with contents about which reasoners have rich background knowledge. According to our dual-source model, two types of information shape such reasoning: knowledge-based information elicited by the contents of the material and content-independent information derived from the form of inferences. Two experiments implemented manipulations that selectively influenced the model parameters for the knowledge-based information, the relative weight given to form-based versus knowledge-based information, and the parameters for the form-based information, validating the psychological interpretation of these parameters. We apply the model to classical suppression effects dissecting them into effects on background knowledge and effects on form-based processes (Exp. 3) and we use it to reanalyse previous studies manipulating reasoning instructions. In a model-comparison exercise, based on data of seven studies, the dual-source model outperformed three Bayesian competitor models. Overall, our results support the view that people make use of background knowledge in line with current Bayesian models, but they also suggest that the form of the conditional argument, irrespective of its content, plays a substantive, yet smaller, role.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BC Logic | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology | ||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Reasoning -- Mathematical models, Bayesian statistical decision theory | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Cognitive Psychology | ||||||||
Publisher: | Elsevier | ||||||||
ISSN: | 0010-0285 | ||||||||
Official Date: | August 2016 | ||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 88 | ||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 61-87 | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.06.005 | ||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 4 December 2018 | ||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 4 December 2018 | ||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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