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Distribution of plastic polymer types in the marine environment ; a meta-analysis
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Erni-Cassola, Gabriel, Zadjelovic, Vinko, Gibson, Matthew I. and Christie-Oleza, Joseph Alexander (2019) Distribution of plastic polymer types in the marine environment ; a meta-analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 369 . pp. 691-698. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067 ISSN 0304-3894.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067
Abstract
Despite growing plastic discharge into the environment, researchers have struggled to detect expected increases of marine plastic debris in sea surfaces, sparking discussions about “missing plastics” and final sinks, which are hypothesized to be coastal and deep-sea sediments. While it holds true that the highest concentrations of plastic particles are found in these locations (103-104 particles m−3 in sediments vs. 0.1–1 particles m−3 in the water column), our meta-analysis also highlights that in open oceans, microplastic polymer types segregated in the water column according to their density. Lower density polymers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, dominated sea surface samples (25% and 42%, respectively) but decreased in abundance through the water column (3% and 2% in the deep-sea, respectively), whereas only denser polymers (i.e. polyesters and acrylics) were enriched with depth (5% in surface seawater vs. 77% in deep-sea locations). Our meta-analysis demonstrates that some of the most abundant and recalcitrant manufactured plastics are more persistent in the sea surface than previously anticipated and that further research is required to determine the ultimate fate of these polymers as current knowledge does not support the deep sea as the final sink for all polymer types.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Plastic marine debris, Marine pollution, Microplastics, Polypropylene, Polyethylene, Polyesters, Acrylic fibers, Polymers | |||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of Hazardous Materials | |||||||||
| Publisher: | Elsevier Science BV | |||||||||
| ISSN: | 0304-3894 | |||||||||
| Official Date: | 5 May 2019 | |||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 369 | |||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 691-698 | |||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.067 | |||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 6 March 2019 | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 8 March 2019 | |||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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