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GNSS vulnerabilities and existing solutions : a review of the literature
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Zidan, Jasmine, Adegoke, E. I., Kampert, Erik, Birrell, Stewart A., Ford, Col R. and Higgins, Matthew D. (2020) GNSS vulnerabilities and existing solutions : a review of the literature. IEEE Access, 9 . pp. 153960-153976. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2973759 ISSN 2169-3536.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2973759
Abstract
This literature review paper focuses on existing vulnerabilities associated with global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). With respect to the civilian/non encrypted GNSSs, they are employed for proving positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) solutions across a wide range of industries. Some of these include electric power grids, stock exchange systems, cellular communications, agriculture, unmanned aerial systems and intelligent transportation systems. In this survey paper, physical degradations, existing threats and solutions adopted in academia and industry are presented. In regards to GNSS threats, jamming and spoofing attacks as well as detection techniques adopted in the literature are surveyed and summarized. Also discussed are multipath propagation in GNSS and non line-of-sight (NLoS) detection techniques. The review also identifies and discusses open research areas and techniques which can be investigated for the purpose of enhancing the robustness of GNSS.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||
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Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Global Positioning System, Artificial satellites in navigation | ||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | IEEE Access | ||||||||||||
Publisher: | IEEE | ||||||||||||
ISSN: | 2169-3536 | ||||||||||||
Official Date: | 13 February 2020 | ||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 9 | ||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 153960-153976 | ||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2973759 | ||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 8 April 2020 | ||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 9 April 2020 | ||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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