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Injection locking in self-oscillating magnetometers
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Nikitin, Alexander P. and Stocks, Nigel G. (2020) Injection locking in self-oscillating magnetometers. IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, 23 (1). pp. 14-20. doi:10.1109/MIM.2020.8979518 ISSN 1094-6969.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2020.8979518
Abstract
Injection locking (IL) is a well-known phenomenon that occurs in nonlinear oscillators subject to external periodic or non-periodic signals. It is a phenomenon of induced synchronization that occurs when an external (injection) signal locks the frequency of the oscillator to the frequency of the external signal. This form of synchronization is relatively straightforward to implement because it does not require specially organized feedback as is the case with phase locked loop. Circuits that exploit IL can have very simple designs and be applied to a broad range of applications, such as to synchronize frames and lines in early television sets, to synchronize lasers, and to function as ac voltmeters, field-intensity meters, amplifier-limiters and AM and FM detectors. However, the focus of this article is the recent application of IL to magnetic field sensors. This novel application highlights the potential benefits of the IL approach but also some of the complexities and opportunities for further development. As with all measurement systems, the consideration of noise is paramount in the design of magnetic sensors. Noise reduction and mitigation strategies are essential. IL can be employed as a noise mitigation strategy in magnetometers that utilize self-oscillations as part of their detection paradigm; it can stabilize the oscillation frequency, potentially simplifying the measurement circuitry, and in some circumstances improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Here we review some magnetometers that have successfully exploited IL principles and highlight design options. We also propose a new circuit that is simple to implement and more straightforward to analyze.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering | ||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Integrated injection logic, Nonlinear oscillators , Magnetometers , Synchronization | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine | ||||||||
Publisher: | IEEE | ||||||||
ISSN: | 1094-6969 | ||||||||
Official Date: | February 2020 | ||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 23 | ||||||||
Number: | 1 | ||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 14-20 | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.1109/MIM.2020.8979518 | ||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | © 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. | ||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 9 June 2020 | ||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 9 June 2020 |
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