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Hidden phenomena during transient reaction trajectories in liquid metals processing
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Spooner, Stephen, Li, Zushu and Sridhar, Seetharaman (2020) Hidden phenomena during transient reaction trajectories in liquid metals processing. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 51 . pp. 1301-1314. doi:10.1007/s11663-020-01880-2 ISSN 1073-5615.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01880-2
Abstract
The transient trajectory taken for a system striving toward equilibration has consequences on the rate of processes and on the chemical and physical state of products in metallurgical processes. A case study approach to recent advancements in liquid steel processing is given. A
combination of techniques and knowledge developed is given as a targeted showcase of the authors’ contributions to the understanding of liquid metal droplet reactions and their contribution to the large-scale production processes within the steel industry. Examples relevant to novel ironmaking technologies, oxygen steelmaking, ladle metallurgy, and continuous casting are discussed, showing the range of processes that benefit from greater understanding in this area. This article considers specifically the reaction of liquid ferrous droplets, immersed in molten oxides, involving key alloying components, including phosphorus, aluminum, and
carbon. The studies use high-temperature–confocal scanning laser microscopy (HT-CSLM), X-ray computed tomography (XCT), phase-field modeling, and in situ limited angle X-ray imaging. These techniques have seen significant development over recent years, and the
combination of these powerful tools reveals the occurrence of spontaneous emulsification driven by chemical reaction (in the case of oxygen/phosphorus/aluminum reactions) and gas-phase formation (in the case of decarburization) both internally and externally to a steel droplet. A key
finding is that the interfacial area pertinent for the heterogenous reactions to occur changes considerably (by up to an order of magnitude) depending on the chemical driving force. Additional key findings include the shift between preferential internal and external gas nucleation during decarburization, an inflection point of behavior as to whether or not spontaneous emulsification will occur (within the study discussed, this is between 3 and 4 wt pct
Al) and the pathway of perturbation growth through which spontaneous emulsification occurs, including the physical maxima a perturbation will grow to before breaking away from the parent droplet.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy T Technology > TS Manufactures |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | |||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Liquid metals, Metals -- Rapid solidification processing, Metallurgical analysis | |||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B | |||||||||
Publisher: | Springer | |||||||||
ISSN: | 1073-5615 | |||||||||
Official Date: | August 2020 | |||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 51 | |||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1301-1314 | |||||||||
DOI: | 10.1007/s11663-020-01880-2 | |||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 8 July 2020 | |||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 10 July 2020 | |||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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