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International optimism : correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries
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Baranski, Erica, Sweeny, Kate, Gardiner, Gwendolyn, Members of the International Situations Project, and Funder, David C. (2021) International optimism : correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries. Journal of Personality, 89 (2). pp. 288-304. doi:10.1111/jopy.12582 ISSN 0022-3506.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12582
Abstract
Objective:
The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world.
Method:
Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean‐level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country‐level variables.
Results:
Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country‐level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country‐level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual‐level optimism was positively related to individual well‐being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances.
Conclusions:
While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well‐being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology | ||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Law | ||||||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Optimism | ||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of Personality | ||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 0022-3506 | ||||||||||||||||||
Official Date: | April 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 89 | ||||||||||||||||||
Number: | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 288-304 | ||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1111/jopy.12582 | ||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, DC; Members of the International Situations Project. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries. Journal of Personality. 2020; 00: 1– 17., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12582. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. | ||||||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 22 September 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 7 August 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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Contributors: |
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