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Velocity distribution function of spontaneously evaporating atoms
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Busuioc, Sergiu, Gibelli, Livio, Lockerby, Duncan A. and Sprittles, James E. (2020) Velocity distribution function of spontaneously evaporating atoms. Physical Review Fluids, 5 (10). 103401. doi:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.103401 ISSN 2469-990X.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.103401
Abstract
Numerical solutions of the Enskog-Vlasov (EV) equation are used to determine the velocity distribution function of atoms spontaneously evaporating into near-vacuum conditions. It is found that an accurate approximation is provided by a half-Maxwellian including a drift velocity combined with different characteristic temperatures for the velocity components normal and parallel to the liquid-vapor interface. The drift velocity and the temperature anisotropy reduce as the liquid bulk temperature decreases but persist for relatively low temperatures corresponding to a vapor behaviour which is only slightly non-ideal. Deviations from the undrifted isotropic half-Maxwellian are shown to be consequences of collisions in the liquid-vapor interface which preferentially backscatter atoms with lower normal-velocity component.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering | ||||||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Gas-liquid interfaces, Fluid mechanics , Kinetic theory of liquids , Free molecular flow | ||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Physical Review Fluids | ||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | American Physical Society | ||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 2469-990X | ||||||||||||||||||
Official Date: | 12 October 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Number: | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
Article Number: | 103401 | ||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.103401 | ||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||||||||||||
Copyright Holders: | © 2020 American Physical Society | ||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 28 September 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 30 September 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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