Anonye, Blessing O., Nweke, Valentine, Furner-Pardoe, Jessica, Gabrilska, Rebecca, Rafiq, Afshan, Ukachukwu, Faith, Bruce, Julie, Lee, Christina, Unnikrishnan, Meera, Rumbaugh, Kendra P., Snyder, Lori A. S. and Harrison, Freya (2020) The safety profile of Bald’s eyesalve for the treatment of bacterial infections. Scientific Reports, 10 (1). 17513. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74242-2 ISSN 2045-2322.

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Abstract

The rise in antimicrobial resistance has prompted the development of alternatives to combat bacterial infections. Bald’s eyesalve, a remedy used in the Early Medieval period, has previously been shown to have efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus in in vitro and in vivo models of chronic wounds. However, the safety profile of Bald’s eyesalve has not yet been demonstrated, and this is vital before testing in humans. Here, we determined the safety potential of Bald’s eyesalve using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models representative of skin or eye infections. We also confirmed that Bald’s eyesalve is active against an important eye pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Low levels of cytotoxicity were observed in eyesalve-treated cell lines representative of skin and immune cells. Results from a bovine corneal opacity and permeability test demonstrated slight irritation to the cornea that resolved within 10 min. The slug mucosal irritation assay revealed that a low level of mucus was secreted by slugs indicating moderate mucosal irritation. We obtained promising results from mouse wound closure experiments; no visible signs of irritation or inflammation were observed. Our results suggest that Bald’s eyesalve could be tested further on human volunteers to assess safety for topical application against bacterial infections.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Clinical Trials Unit Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Microbiology & Infection Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Bacterial diseases -- Treatment, Ointments, Skin -- Infections -- Treatment, Eye -- Infections -- Treatment, Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- Treatment
Journal or Publication Title:	Scientific Reports
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	2045-2322
Official Date:	15 October 2020
Dates:	Date Event 15 October 2020 Published 24 September 2020 Accepted
Volume:	10
Number:	1
Article Number:	17513
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-020-74242-2
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	22 October 2020
Date of first compliant Open Access:	23 October 2020
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID 17/0005690 Diabetes UK http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000361 MR/N014294/1 [MRC] Medical Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265 Research Capability Funding [NIHR] National Institute for Health Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272
Open Access Version:	Other

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