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Officer bias, over-patrolling, and ethnic disparities in stop and search

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Vomfell, Lara and Stewart, Neil (2021) Officer bias, over-patrolling, and ethnic disparities in stop and search. Nature Human Behaviour, 5 . pp. 566-575. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-01029-w ISSN 2397-3374.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01029-w

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Abstract

Black and Asian people in the United Kingdom are more likely to be stopped and searched by police than White people. Following a panel of 36,000 searches by 1,100 police officers at a major English police force, we provide officer-specific measures of over-searching relative to two baselines: the ethnic composition of crime suspects officers interact with and the ethnic composition of the areas they patrol. We show that the vast majority of officers over-search ethnic minorities against both baselines. But we also find that the over-searching by individual officers cannot account for all of the over-representation of ethnic minorities in stop and search: over-patrolling of minority areas is also a key factor. Decomposing the overall search bias, we find that the over-representation of Asian people in stop and search is primarily accounted for by over-patrolling, while the over-representation of Black people is a combination of officer and patrol effects, with the larger contribution coming from biases of officers.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races
H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare
J Political Science > JC Political theory
Divisions: Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Behavioural Science
Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Minorities , Discrimination in law enforcement -- Great Britain, Police-community relations , Community policing -- Great Britain, Racial profiling in law enforcement -- Great Britain, Race discrimination -- Great Britain
Journal or Publication Title: Nature Human Behaviour
Publisher: Springer Nature Group
ISSN: 2397-3374
Official Date: May 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
May 2021Published
18 January 2021Available
3 December 2020Accepted
Volume: 5
Page Range: pp. 566-575
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-01029-w
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Date of first compliant deposit: 7 December 2020
Date of first compliant Open Access: 18 July 2021
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
ES/P008976/1[ESRC] Economic and Social Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269
ES/V004867/1[ESRC] Economic and Social Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269
ES/N018192/1[ESRC] Economic and Social Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269
UNSPECIFIEDLeverhulme Trusthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275
UNSPECIFIEDWest Midlands Police and Crime Commissionerhttp://viaf.org/viaf/307466504
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