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The unknowability of autonomous tools and the liminal experience of their use
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Zhang, Zhewei, Lindberg, Aron, Lyytinen, Kalle and Yoo, Youngjin (2021) The unknowability of autonomous tools and the liminal experience of their use. Information Systems Research, 32 (4). pp. 1192-1213. doi:10.1287/isre.2021.1022 ISSN 1047-7047.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2021.1022
Abstract
In the extant theoretical discourse on socio-technical systems, the relationships between inputs and outputs of technologies are assumed to be knowable to human agents, occasionally ex ante, but always ex post. Recently a new breed of autonomous tools has emerged, which can independently learn and execute novel actions. The input-output-relationships of these tools, however, are unknowable to human agents, both ex ante and ex post. This calls for analysis of how humans experience the enactment of socio-material agency while interacting with autonomous tools. To this end, we conduct an exploratory, theory-building, comparative case study at one of the world’s largest semiconductor manufacturers. We investigate how chip designers interact with two families of design technologies: one following a traditional designer-centric approach where the designer knows what outputs particular inputs to the tools will generate, and another relying on autonomous tools which continually surprise the user. Our inquiry reveals significant differences in designers’ experiences of using different tools. When using autonomous tools, designers’ experience of enacting socio-material agency becomes liminal; a state of continuous emergence, where interactions with the tools are marked by ambiguity, and the design is moved forward along multiple design trajectories in accordance with a multifarious temporality. These insights require us to expand upon several dominant views on the enactment of socio-material agency and necessitate novel thinking on the role and impact of autonomous tools in future work systems as well as on how design and innovation proceeds under such conditions.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Electronic computers. Computer science. Computer software T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Information Systems & Management Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Artificial intelligence -- Engineering applications, Human-computer interaction, Production engineering -- Automation, Semiconductor industry -- Automation | ||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Information Systems Research | ||||||
| Publisher: | Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (I N F O R M S) | ||||||
| ISSN: | 1047-7047 | ||||||
| Official Date: | 5 August 2021 | ||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 32 | ||||||
| Number: | 4 | ||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 1192-1213 | ||||||
| DOI: | 10.1287/isre.2021.1022 | ||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2021, INFORMS | ||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 9 December 2020 | ||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 9 December 2020 | ||||||
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