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Reinforcement of stereolithographic resins for rapid prototyping with cellulose nanocrystals
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Kumar, Sandeep, Hofmann, Manfred, Steinmann, Bettina, Foster, E. Johan and Weder, Christoph (2012) Reinforcement of stereolithographic resins for rapid prototyping with cellulose nanocrystals. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 4 (10). pp. 5399-5407. doi:10.1021/am301321v ISSN 1944-8244.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am301321v
Abstract
We report on the mechanical properties of optically curable stereolithographic resins (SLRs) which were reinforced through the addition of small amounts of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The resin/filler mixtures are readily accessible via simple mixing processes. A detailed rheological investigation of such mixtures and the successful processing of these materials on a commercial SLR machine show that at low filler concentrations (below 5%) the processability of the materials is barely impacted. The storage modulus, E′, increased steadily with increasing CNC content in the regimes below and above the glass transition. A remarkable modulus enhancement was observed in the rubbery regime, where E′ increased by 166, 233, and 587% for CNC/SLR nanocomposites with 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0% w/w CNC, respectively. The modulus increase was less pronounced in the glassy state, where E′ increased by 21, 32 and 57%, for the same compositions. The increase in tensile strength was of similar magnitude. In comparison to previously reported CNC and carbon-nanofiller based nanocomposites, the presently investigated nanocomposites display a comparably large increase of stiffness and strength, which appear to originate from the high level of dispersion and the intimate contact of the CNCs with the SLR matrix. Through the fabrication of 3-dimensional parts, it was shown that the CNC-filled resins can be processed with standard equipment in a stereolithographic process that is widely used for rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces | ||||||||
Publisher: | American Chemical Society | ||||||||
ISSN: | 1944-8244 | ||||||||
Official Date: | 24 October 2012 | ||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 4 | ||||||||
Number: | 10 | ||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 5399-5407 | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.1021/am301321v | ||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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