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Exploratory study using urinary volatile organic compounds for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Bannaga, Ayman, Tyagi, Heena, Daulton, Emma, Covington, James A. and Arasaradnam, Ramesh P. (2021) Exploratory study using urinary volatile organic compounds for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Molecules, 26 (9). 2447. doi:10.3390/molecules26092447 ISSN 1420-3049.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092447

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers are lacking in clinical practice. We therefore explored the pattern and composition of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HCC patients. This was done in order to assess the feasibility of a potential non-invasive test for HCC, and to enhance our understanding of the disease. This pilot study recruited 58 participants, of whom 20 were HCC cases and 38 were non-HCC cases. The non-HCC cases included healthy individuals and patients with various stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including those with and without fibrosis. Urine was analysed using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) and gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF-MS). GC–IMS was able to separate HCC from fibrotic cases with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (0.91–1.00), and from non-fibrotic cases with an AUC of 0.62 (0.48–0.76). For GC-TOF-MS, a subset of samples was analysed in which seven chemicals were identified and tentatively linked with HCC. These include 4-methyl-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (2TMS derivative), 2-butanone, 2-hexanone, benzene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-, 3-butene-1,2-diol, 1-(2-furanyl)-, bicyclo(4.1.0)heptane, 3,7,7-trimethyl-, [1S-(1a,3β,6a)]-, and sulpiride. Urinary VOC analysis using both GC–IMS and GC-TOF-MS proved to be a feasible method of identifying HCC cases, and was also able to enhance our understanding of HCC pathogenesis.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QP Physiology
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
SWORD Depositor: Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Urine -- Analysis, Liver -- Cancer, Volatile organic compounds -- Health aspects
Journal or Publication Title: Molecules
Publisher: MDPI AG
ISSN: 1420-3049
Official Date: 22 April 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
22 April 2021Published
20 April 2021Accepted
Volume: 26
Number: 9
Article Number: 2447
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092447
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 6 May 2021
Date of first compliant Open Access: 10 May 2021
Related URLs:
  • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/...

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