Shelke, Ashish V., Buston, Jonathan E.H., Gill, Jason, Howard, Daniel, Abbott, Katie C., Goddard, Steven L., Read, Elliott, Howard, Gemma E., Abaza, Ahmed, Cooper, Brian and Wen, Jennifer X. (2022) Characterizing and predicting 21700 NMC lithium-ion battery thermal runaway induced by nail penetration. Applied Thermal Engineering, 209 . 118278. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118278 ISSN 1359-4311.

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Abstract

Combined numerical and experimental studies are conducted to characterise 21700 cylindrical lithium-ion battery (LIB) thermal runaway (TR) induced by nail penetration. Both radial and axial penetrations are considered for 4.8 Ah 21700 NMC cell under 100% state of charge. Heat generation from the decomposition of the cell component materials are analysed. The maximum cell surface temperature rise and time to reach it in both types of penetration tests are compared. Snapshots from the video footages captured by three high definition and one high speed cameras shade light on the dynamic processes of spark ejection and flame evolution. A generic predictive tool is developed within the frame of the in-house version of open-source computational fluid dynamics code OpenFOAM for nail induced TR. The code treats the cell as a lumped block with anisotropic thermal conductivities and considers heat generation due to nail induced internal short circuit resistance, exothermic decomposition reactions and heat dissipation through convective and radiative heat transfer. Validation with the current measurements shows promising agreement. The predictions also provide insight on the magnitudes of heat generation due to internal short circuit resistance, decompositions of solid electrolyte interphase layer (SEI), anode, cathode and electrolyte. Parametric studies further quantify the effects of cell internal short circuit resistance, contact resistance between the nail and cell, convective heat transfer coefficient and cell surface emissivity on TR evolution.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Lithium ion batteries, Lithium ion batteries -- Thermal properties, Thermal analysis, Energy storage
Journal or Publication Title:	Applied Thermal Engineering
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	1359-4311
Official Date:	5 June 2022
Dates:	Date Event 5 June 2022 Published 3 March 2022 Available 22 February 2022 Accepted
Volume:	209
Article Number:	118278
DOI:	10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118278
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	3 March 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access:	27 May 2022
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID 105296 Innovate UK http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006041

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