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WS2 nanotubes as a 1D functional filler for melt mixing with poly(lactic acid) : implications for composites manufacture
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Magee, Eimear, Tang, Fengzai, Ozdemir, Esra, Walker, Marc, Di Luccio, Tiziana, Kornfield, Julia A., Zak, Alla, Tenne, Reshef and McNally, Tony (2022) WS2 nanotubes as a 1D functional filler for melt mixing with poly(lactic acid) : implications for composites manufacture. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 5 (5). pp. 6385-6397. doi:10.1021/acsanm.2c00489 ISSN 2574-0970.
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WRAP-WS2-nanotubes-1D-functional-filler-melt-mixing-polylactic-implications-composites-manufacture-2022.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (9Mb) | Preview |
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c00489
Abstract
Multi-walled WS2 nanotubes (NTs) with lengths ranging from 2 to 65 μm and widths from 50 to 110 nm were synthesized in a horizontal quartz-made reactor by a process yielding NTs with aspect ratios (ARs) between ∼40 and >1000. The NTs obtained were thermally stable in air up to 400 °C but were oxidized within the temperature range 400–550 °C to produce yellow WO3 particles. Critically, 400 °C is well above the temperature used to mix additives with the majority of melt-processable polymers. The hydrophilic WS2 NTs were easily dispersed in poly(lactic) acid (PLA) using a twin-screw extruder, but the shear stresses applied during melt mixing resulted in chopping of the NTs such that the AR decreased by >95% and the tensile mechanical properties of the PLA were unchanged. Although the as-extruded unfilled PLA was >99% amorphous, the much-shortened WS2 NTs had a significant effect on the crystallization behavior of PLA, inducing heterogeneous nucleation, increasing the crystallization temperature (Tc) by ∼3 °C and the crystalline content by 15%, and significantly increasing the rate of PLA crystallization, producing smaller and more densely packed spherulites. The reduction in the AR and the nucleating effect of WS2 NTs for PLA are critical considerations in the preparation, by melt mixing, of composites of rigid 1D NTs and polymers, irrespective of the target application, including bone tissue engineering and bioresorbable vascular scaffolds.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) | |||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) |
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Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Nanotubes -- Research, Nanotechnology, Solid State Chemistry, Polylactic acid, Nanostructured materials | |||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | ACS Applied Nano Materials | |||||||||
Publisher: | ACS | |||||||||
ISSN: | 2574-0970 | |||||||||
Official Date: | 27 May 2022 | |||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 5 | |||||||||
Number: | 5 | |||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 6385-6397 | |||||||||
DOI: | 10.1021/acsanm.2c00489 | |||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
Copyright Holders: | © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society | |||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 4 May 2022 | |||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 4 May 2022 | |||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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