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Mechanical and biodeterioration behaviours of a clayey soil strengthened with combined carrageenan and casein
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Ni, Jing, Li, Shan-Shan and Geng, Xue-yu (2022) Mechanical and biodeterioration behaviours of a clayey soil strengthened with combined carrageenan and casein. Acta Geotechnica, 17 . pp. 5411-5427. doi:10.1007/s11440-022-01588-4 ISSN 1861-1125.
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WRAP-Mechanical-biodeterioration-behaviours-clayey-soil-carrageenan-casein-2022.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (1812Kb) | Preview |
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-022-01588-4
Abstract
In the last decade, biopolymers have been used as organic soil binders in ground improvement and earthen construction material modification. Although biopolymer-treated soils have substantially enhanced mechanical strength, the deformation characteristics under external loads and material durability (e.g. biodeterioration due to microbial activity) have not yet been fully understood, which limits the in situ practical application of the biopolymer-based soil treatment technology. This study investigated the efficiency of combined carrageenan and casein in strengthening a clayey soil with the biodeterioration consideration. Both mechanical tests (e.g. unconfined compressive strength and one-dimensional consolidation) and biological tests (e.g. high throughput sequencing and rating of mould growth) were conducted. Results indicated that the usage of the carrageenan–casein mixture induced a higher soil compressive strength compared with either carrageen or casein, due to the formation of a three-dimensional gel network. In addition, carrageenan–casein mixture and casein decreased the compressibility of the clayey soil, which might be attributed to the casein’s peculiarity of self-associating into micelles, leading to minimal interactions with water molecules. Carrageenan, due to its affinity for water, increased the soil compressibility. Under the impact of microbial activity, the biopolymer-treated soils underwent deterioration in both surface appearance (i.e. coloured stains and patches caused by mould growth) and compressive strength. A linear relationship was proposed, in which a reduction in compressive strength by approximately 11% is expected while the rating of mould growth is increased by one in a five-rating system. The current research demonstrates that the soil reinforcement with combined carrageenan and casein is able to improve both soil strength and deformation behaviours. It is also suggested to take into account the biodeterioration considerations in the design and implementation of biopolymer-based soil reinforcement practices.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering | |||||||||
| SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | |||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Soil-binding, Biopolymers -- Biodegradation, Casein -- Biodegradation, Casein -- Mechanical properties, Chondrus crispus -- Biodegradation, Chondrus crispus -- Mechanical properties | |||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Acta Geotechnica | |||||||||
| Publisher: | Springer UK | |||||||||
| ISSN: | 1861-1125 | |||||||||
| Official Date: | December 2022 | |||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 17 | |||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 5411-5427 | |||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11440-022-01588-4 | |||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
| Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | ** Article version: VoR ** From Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications Router ** History: epub 03-06-2022; issued 03-06-2022. ** Licence for VoR version of this article starting on 03-06-2022: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | |||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 27 June 2022 | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 27 June 2022 | |||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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