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Compensatory layering and the birth of the multipurpose multilateral IGO in the Americas
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Long, Tom and Schulz, Carsten-Andreas (2023) Compensatory layering and the birth of the multipurpose multilateral IGO in the Americas. International Organization, 77 (1). pp. 1-32. doi:10.1017/S002081832200025X ISSN 0020-8183.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002081832200025X
Abstract
International organizations come in many shapes and sizes. Among this institutional gamut, the multipurpose multilateral intergovernmental organization (MMIGO) plays a central role. This institutional form is often traced to the creation of the League of Nations, but in fact, the first MMIGO emerged in the Western Hemisphere at the close of the nineteenth century. Originally modeled on a single-issue European public international union, the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics evolved into the multipurpose, multilateral Pan American Union (PAU). Contrary to prominent explanations of institutional genesis, the PAU’s design did not result from functional needs nor from the blueprints of a hegemonic power. Advancing a recent synthesis between historical and rational institutionalism, we argue that the first MMIGO arose through a process of compensatory layering: a mechanism whereby a sequence of bargains over control and scope leads to gradual but transformative institutional change. We expect compensatory layering to occur when an organization is focal, power asymmetries among members of that organization are high, and preferences over institutional design diverge. Our empirical and theoretical contributions demonstrate the value that a Global IR perspective can bring to the study of institutional design. IR scholars have long noted that international organizations provide smaller states with voice opportunities; our account suggests those spaces may be of smaller states’ own making.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | F History United States, Canada, Latin America > F1201 Latin America (General) J Political Science > JX International law J Political Science > JZ International relations |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Politics and International Studies | ||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | International agencies -- Latin America , International organization -- Latin America , International cooperation, Pan-Americanism , Pan American Union, League of Nations -- Latin America , Regionalism (International organization) | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | International Organization | ||||||||
| Publisher: | Cambridge University Press | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 0020-8183 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | January 2023 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 77 | ||||||||
| Number: | 1 | ||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 1-32 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1017/S002081832200025X | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 1 July 2022 | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 1 July 2022 | ||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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