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Sustainability analysis of methane-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia conversion by integration of high-temperature plasma and non-thermal plasma processes
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Osorio-Tejada, Jose, van't Veer, Kevin, Long, Nguyen Van Duc, Tran, Nam N., Fulcheri, Laurent, Patil, Bhaskar S., Bogaerts, Annemie and Hessel, Volker (2022) Sustainability analysis of methane-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia conversion by integration of high-temperature plasma and non-thermal plasma processes. Energy Conversion and Management, 269 . 116095. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116095 ISSN 0196-8904.
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WRAP-Sustainability-methane-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia-conversion-integration-22.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (3875Kb) | Preview |
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116095
Abstract
The Covid era has made us aware of the need for resilient, self-sufficient, and local production. We are likely willing to pay an extra price for that quality. Ammonia (NH3) synthesis accounts for 2 % of global energy production and is an important point of attention for the development of green energy technologies. Therefore, we propose a thermally integrated process for H2 production and NH3 synthesis using plasma technology, and we evaluate its techno-economic performance and CO2 footprint by life cycle assessment (LCA). The key is to integrate energy-wise a high-temperature plasma (HTP) process, with a (low-temperature) non-thermal plasma (NTP) process and to envision their joint economic potential. This particularly means raising the temperature of the NTP process, which is typically below 100 °C, taking advantage of the heat released from the HTP process. For that purpose, we proposed the integrated process and conducted chemical kinetics simulations in the NTP section to determine the thermodynamically feasible operating window of this novel combined plasma process. The results suggest that an NH3 yield of 2.2 mol% can be attained at 302 °C at an energy yield of 1.1 g NH3/kWh. Cost calculations show that the economic performance is far from commercial, mainly because of the too low energy yield of the NTP process. However, when we base our costs on the best literature value and plausible future scenarios for the NTP energy yield, we reach a cost prediction below 452 $/tonne NH3, which is competitive with conventional small-scale Haber-Bosch NH3 synthesis for distributed production. In addition, we demonstrate that biogas can be used as feed, thus allowing the proposed integrated reactor concept to be part of a biogas-to-ammonia circular concept. Moreover, by LCA we demonstrate the environmental benefits of the proposed plant, which could cut by half the carbon emissions when supplied by photovoltaic electricity, and even invert the carbon balance when supplied by wind power due to the avoided emissions of the carbon black credits.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Energy Conversion and Management | ||||||||
Publisher: | Elsevier Ltd | ||||||||
ISSN: | 0196-8904 | ||||||||
Official Date: | 1 October 2022 | ||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 269 | ||||||||
Article Number: | 116095 | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116095 | ||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 31 August 2022 | ||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 31 August 2022 |
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