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Lower gestational age is associated with lower cortical volume and cognitive and educational performance in adolescence
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Ma, Qing, Wang, Hui, Rolls, Edmund T., Xiang, Shitong, Li, Jiong, Li, Yuzhu, Zhou, Qiongjie, Cheng, Wei and Li, Fei (2022) Lower gestational age is associated with lower cortical volume and cognitive and educational performance in adolescence. BMC Medicine, 20 . 424. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02627-3 ISSN 1741-7015.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02627-3
Abstract
Background:
Gestational age (GA) is associated with later cognition and behavior. However, it is unclear how specific cognitive domains and brain structural development varies with the stepwise change of gestational duration.
Methods:
This large-scale longitudinal cohort study analyzed 11,878 early adolescents’ brain volume maps at 9–10 years (baseline) and 5685 at 11–12 years (a 2-year follow-up) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. According to gestational age, adolescents were divided into five categorical groups: ≤ 33 weeks, 34–35 weeks, 36 weeks, 37–39 weeks, and ≥ 40 weeks. The NIH Toolbox was used to estimate neurocognitive performance, including crystallized and fluid intelligence, which was measured for 11,878 adolescents at baseline with crystallized intelligence and relevant subscales obtained at 2-year follow-up (with participant numbers ranging from 6185 to 6310 depending on the cognitive domain). An additional large population-based cohort of 618,070 middle adolescents at ninth-grade (15–16 years) from the Danish national register was utilized to validate the association between gestational age and academic achievements. A linear mixed model was used to examine the group differences between gestational age and neurocognitive performance, school achievements, and grey matter volume. A mediation analysis was performed to examine whether brain structural volumes mediated the association between GA and neurocognition, followed with a longitudinal analysis to track the changes.
Results:
Significant group differences were found in all neurocognitive scores, school achievements, and twenty-five cortical regional volumes (P < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Specifically, lower gestational ages were associated with graded lower cognition and school achievements and with smaller brain volumes of the fronto-parieto-temporal, fusiform, cingulate, insula, postcentral, hippocampal, thalamic, and pallidal regions. These lower brain volumes mediated the association between gestational age and cognitive function (P = 1 × 10−8, β = 0.017, 95% CI: 0.007–0.028). Longitudinal analysis showed that compared to full term adolescents, preterm adolescents still had smaller brain volumes and crystallized intelligence scores at 11–12 years.
Conclusions:
These results emphasize the relationships between gestational age at birth and adolescents’ lower brain volume, and lower cognitive and educational performance, measured many years later when 9–10 and 11–12 years old. The study indicates the importance of early screening and close follow-up for neurocognitive and behavioral development for children and adolescents born with gestational ages that are even a little lower than full term.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Computer Science | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Child psychology, Gestational age, Cognition in children, Academic achievement -- Health aspects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | BMC Medicine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | BioMed Central | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 1741-7015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Official Date: | 3 November 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Article Number: | 424 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1186/s12916-022-02627-3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | ** From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications Router ** History: received 01-07-2022; registration 24-10-2022; accepted 24-10-2022; pub-electronic 03-11-2022; online 03-11-2022; collection 12-2022. ** Licence for this article: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ** Acknowledgements: Acknowledgements: Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (https://abcdstudy.org), held in the NIMH Data Archive (NDA). This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children age 9–10 and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the National Institutes of Health and additional federal partners under award numbers U01DA041048, U01DA050989, U01DA051016, U01DA041022, U01DA051018, U01DA051037, U01DA050987, U01DA041174, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041028, U01DA041134, U01DA050988, U01DA051039, U01DA041156, U01DA041025, U01DA041120, U01DA051038, U01DA041148, U01DA041093, U01DA041089, U24DA041123, and U24DA041147. A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html. A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/consortium_members/. ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented that study and/or provided data but did not participate in the analysis for or writing of this report. This manuscript reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or ABCD consortium investigators. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 28 November 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 28 November 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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