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Novel risk factors for hypertension in low- and middle income countries : building evidence to reverse the burgeoning epidemic
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Abba, Mustapha S. (2022) Novel risk factors for hypertension in low- and middle income countries : building evidence to reverse the burgeoning epidemic. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.
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Official URL: http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/record=b3859814
Abstract
Aim The primary aim of the dissertation was to broaden our understanding of the novel risk factors for hypertension in resource-limited settings. Methods: To achieve the dissertation aims, the following innovative analytic methods were used to triangulate the selected novel risk factors: phase 1: bibliometric analyses and topic modelling technique; phase 2: A meta-analysis and decomposition analysis to assess individual-level factors; Phase 3: a multilevel analysis propensity score matching to examine contextual compositional risk factors; and Phase 4: An ecological study to explore major country-level socioeconomic determinants. Results: Phase 1; The percent share of global hypertension research outputs per year increased from 1.7% in 1999 to 5.3% in 2018 in Africa. Country population and gross domestic product were important correlates of hypertension research outputs. Phase 2: Human immunodeficiency virus and gender-based violence were found to be associated with the risk of having hypertension. Phase 3: At the contextual level, there was significant variation in the odds of having hypertension across countries and neighbourhoods; and participants exposed to household air pollution (HAP) in Albania were 17% more likely to develop hypertension than those not exposed to HAP. The high blood pressure patterns examined revealed three different patterns of associations: pro-urban, pro-rural and nodifference. The study found significant differences between respondents living in urban and rural areas of South Africa. Phase 4: For every increase in adult literacy rate, unemployment rate, and percentage of people who live in urban areas, the country's prevalence of hypertension reduces. However, increases in the multidimensional-poverty index and the country's population were found to increase the prevalence of hypertension. Conclusion This thesis provides insight into novel risk factors for hypertension, suggesting new preventive targets that can be exploited for public health interventions to reverse the burgeoning epidemic of hypertension in Low- and Middle-income countries.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) | ||||
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Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine |
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Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Hypertension -- Risk factors, Hypertension -- Research -- Developing countries, Hypertension -- Social aspects -- Developing countries, Economic development -- Health aspects -- Developing countries, Public health -- Social aspects -- Developing countries, Health -- Social aspects -- Developing countries, Medical economics -- Developing countries | ||||
Official Date: | May 2022 | ||||
Dates: |
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Institution: | University of Warwick | ||||
Theses Department: | Warwick Medical School | ||||
Thesis Type: | PhD | ||||
Publication Status: | Unpublished | ||||
Supervisor(s)/Advisor: | Uthman, Olalekan A., 1977- ; Nduka, Chidozie | ||||
Format of File: | |||||
Extent: | 179 pages : illustrations, charts, maps | ||||
Language: | eng |
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