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Was Germany ever united? Evidence from intra- and international trade, 1885-1933
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Wolf, Nikolaus (2009) Was Germany ever united? Evidence from intra- and international trade, 1885-1933. Journal of Economic History, Volume 69 (Number 3). pp. 846-881. doi:10.1017/S0022050709001144 ISSN 0022-0507.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022050709001144
Abstract
When did Germany become economically integrated? Based on a large new data set on trade flows within and across the borders of Germany, I explore the geography of trade costs across Central Europe, 1885-1933. The key finding is that the German Empire before 1914 was a poorly integrated economy. This internal fragmentation resulted from cultural heterogeneity, from administrative borders, and from natural geography that divided Germany into eastern and western parts. After World War I and again with the Great Depression, internal integration improved, while external integration worsened in part because of border changes along the lines of ethnolinguistic heterogeneity. By the end of the Weimar Republic in 1933, Germany was reasonably well integrated.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects: | D History General and Old World > DD Germany H Social Sciences > HC Economic History and Conditions H Social Sciences > HF Commerce |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation | ||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Germany -- Economic conditions -- 19th century, Germany -- Economic conditions -- 20th century, Boundaries -- Economic aspects -- Germany -- History -- 19th century, Social networks -- Germany -- History -- 19th century, Germany -- Commerce -- History --19th century, Germany -- Commerce -- History -- 20th century | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of Economic History | ||||
| Publisher: | Cambridge University Press | ||||
| ISSN: | 0022-0507 | ||||
| Official Date: | September 2009 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | Volume 69 | ||||
| Number: | Number 3 | ||||
| Number of Pages: | 36 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 846-881 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1017/S0022050709001144 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 8 December 2015 | ||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 8 December 2015 | ||||
| Funder: | Fritz Thyssen-Stiftung |
Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge
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