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Precision ephemerides for gravitational-wave searches – IV : corrected and refined ephemeris for Scorpius X-1
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Killestein, Thomas L., Mould, M, Steeghs, D., Casares, Jorge and Galloway, Duncan K. (2023) Precision ephemerides for gravitational-wave searches – IV : corrected and refined ephemeris for Scorpius X-1. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 520 (4). pp. 5317-5330. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad366 ISSN 0035-8711.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad366
Abstract
Low-mass X-ray binaries have long been theorised as potential sources of continuous gravitational-wave radiation, yet there is no observational evidence from recent LIGO/Virgo observing runs. Even for the theoretically ‘loudest’ source, Sco X-1, the upper limit on gravitational-wave strain has been pushed ever lower. Such searches require precise measurements of the source properties for sufficient sensitivity and computational feasibility. Collating over 20 years of high-quality spectroscopic observations of the system, we present a precise and comprehensive ephemeris for Sco X-1 through radial velocity measurements, performing a full homogeneous reanalysis of all relevant datasets and correcting previous analyses. Our Bayesian approach accounts for observational systematics and maximises not only precision, but also the fidelity of uncertainty estimates — crucial for informing principled continuous-wave searches. Our extensive dataset and analysis also enables us to construct the highest signal-to-noise, highest resolution phase-averaged spectrum of a low-mass X-ray binary to date. Doppler tomography reveals intriguing transient structures present in the accretion disk and flow driven by modulation of the accretion rate, necessitating further characterisation of the system at high temporal and spectral resolution. Our ephemeris corrects and supersedes previous ephemerides, and provides a factor three reduction in the number of templates in the search space, facilitating precision searches for continuous gravitational-wave emission from Sco X-1 throughout the upcoming LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA O4 observing run and beyond.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Gravitational waves , Ephemerides , Neutron stars , Low mass stars | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | Oxford University Press | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 0035-8711 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Official Date: | April 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Volume: | 520 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number: | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 5317-5330 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1093/mnras/stad366 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2023 The Author's. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 1 February 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 1 February 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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