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A feasibility study of pre-sleep audio and visual alpha brain entrainment for people with chronic pain and sleep disturbance
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Halpin, Halpin, Casson, Alexander James, Tang, Nicole K. Y., Jones, Anthony K. P., O'Connor, James and Sivan, Manoj (2023) A feasibility study of pre-sleep audio and visual alpha brain entrainment for people with chronic pain and sleep disturbance. Frontiers in Pain Research, 4 . 1096084. doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1096084 ISSN 2673-561X.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2023.1096084
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic pain and sleep disturbance are bi-directionally related. Cortical electrical activity in the alpha frequency band can be enhanced with sensory stimulation via the phenomenon of entrainment, and may reduce pain perception. A smartphone based programme which delivers 10Hz stimulation through flickering light or binaural beats was developed for use at night, pre-sleep, with the aim of improving night time pain and sleep and thereby subsequent pain and related daytime symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and give an indication of effect of this programme for individuals with chronic pain and sleep disturbance.
Materials and methods: In a non-controlled feasibility study participants used audio or visual alpha entrainment for 30 minutes pre-sleep each night for 4 weeks, following a 1 week baseline period. The study was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the ID NCT04176861.
Results: 28 participants (79% female, mean age 45 years) completed the study with high levels of data completeness (86%) and intervention adherence (92%). Daily sleep diaries showed an increase compared to baseline in total sleep time of 29 minutes (p=0.0033), reduction in sleep onset latency of 13 minutes (p=0.0043), and increase in sleep efficiency of 4.7% (p=0.0009). Daily 0-10 numerical rating scale of average pain at night improved by 0.5 points compared to baseline (p=0.027). Standardised questionnaires showed significant within-participant improvements in sleep quality (change in median Global PSQI from 16 to 12.5), pain interference (change in median BPI Pain Interference from 7.5 to 6.8), fatigue (change in median MFI total score from 82.5 to 77), and depression and anxiety (change in median HADS depression score from 12 to 10.5 and anxiety from 13.5 to 11).
Discussion: Pre-sleep use of a smartphone programme for alpha entrainment by audio or visual stimulation was feasible for individuals with chronic pain and sleep disturbance. The effect on symptoms requires further exploration in controlled studies.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Frontiers in Pain Research | ||||||
Publisher: | Frontiers Media SA | ||||||
ISSN: | 2673-561X | ||||||
Official Date: | 23 February 2023 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 4 | ||||||
Article Number: | 1096084 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.3389/fpain.2023.1096084 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 14 February 2023 | ||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 23 February 2023 | ||||||
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