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The radio to GeV afterglow of GRB 221009A
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(2023) The radio to GeV afterglow of GRB 221009A. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 946 (1). L23. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acbfad ISSN 2041-8213.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbfad
Abstract
GRB 221009A (z = 0.151) is one of the closest known long γ-ray bursts (GRBs). Its extreme brightness across all electromagnetic wavelengths provides an unprecedented opportunity to study a member of this still-mysterious class of transients in exquisite detail. We present multiwavelength observations of this extraordinary event, spanning 15 orders of magnitude in photon energy from radio to γ-rays. We find that the data can be partially explained by a forward shock (FS) from a highly collimated relativistic jet interacting with a low-density, wind-like medium. Under this model, the jet's beaming-corrected kinetic energy (EK ∼ 4 × 1050 erg) is typical for the GRB population. The radio and millimeter data provide strong limiting constraints on the FS model, but require the presence of an additional emission component. From equipartition arguments, we find that the radio emission is likely produced by a small amount of mass (≲6 × 10−7 M⊙) moving relativistically (Γ ≳ 9) with a large kinetic energy (≳1049 erg). However, the temporal evolution of this component does not follow prescriptions for synchrotron radiation from a single power-law distribution of electrons (e.g., in a reverse shock or two-component jet), or a thermal-electron population, perhaps suggesting that one of the standard assumptions of afterglow theory is violated. GRB 221009A will likely remain detectable with radio telescopes for years to come, providing a valuable opportunity to track the full lifecycle of a powerful relativistic jet.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Astrophysics, Gamma ray bursts, Particles (Nuclear physics) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | The American Astronomical Society | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 2041-8213 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Official Date: | 28 March 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 946 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number: | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Article Number: | L23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.3847/2041-8213/acbfad | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 18 December 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 18 December 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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