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Synergistic effect of residual elements on oxidation rates and oxide/metal interface characteristics in a low-carbon steel oxidized at 1180°C for 3 hours
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Duan, Jiaqi, Farrugia, Didier, Davis, Claire, Yan, Zhiming and Li, Zushu (2023) Synergistic effect of residual elements on oxidation rates and oxide/metal interface characteristics in a low-carbon steel oxidized at 1180°C for 3 hours. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 50 (11). pp. 1559-1570. doi:10.1080/03019233.2023.2201545 ISSN 0301-9233.
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WRAP-Synergistic-effect-residual-elements-oxidation-rates-oxide-metal-23.pdf - Accepted Version Embargoed item. Restricted access to Repository staff only until 1 May 2024. Contact author directly, specifying your specific needs. - Requires a PDF viewer. Download (5Mb) |
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2201545
Abstract
Steel scrap often contains residual elements that cannot be removed by the steelmaking process, such as Cu, Ni and Sn. In this study, residual elements of various contents have been added to a low carbon steel to simulate the scenario of increased use of scrap during steel production. Four alloys were studied (in wt pct): 0.15 Cu-0.15Ni- 0.03Sn, 0.30Cu-0.30Ni-0.06Sn, 0.60Cu-0.15Ni-0.06Sn, and 0.60Cu-0.30Ni-0.06Sn. The base composition, a low carbon structural steel grade, was used as a reference. The samples were oxidized in air at 1180°C for 3 hours, to represent reheating before hot rolling, using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were employed to investigate the microstructure and the compositions at the oxide/metal interface. SEM/EDS results showed evident enrichments of residual elements at the scale/metal interface in the residual-containing steels after 3 hours oxidation. The analysis has indicated that the contents of residual elements had an impact on: (1) the roughness of the scale/metal interface; (2) internal Fe oxides formation; (3) the amount of Ni and Cu enriched Fe phase and Cu and Sn enriched liquid phase at the interface and (4) the depth and spacing of the liquid phase penetrations along the grain boundary. Thermodynamic simulation using FactSage software was used to predict the effect of residual elements on the liquid phases at the interface, and good agreement between the prediction and experimental results were obtained. Steel of base composition showed the lowest oxidation rate under current experiment condition. Increasing the Cu and Ni contents increased the oxidation rate as Cu and Ni enrichments at the interface increased the adhesion between the scale and metal. However, further increasing the Ni and Cu contents reduced the Fe activity at the interface, thus decreased the oxidation rate.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy T Technology > TS Manufactures |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Scrap metals, Scrap metals -- Recycling, Scrap metals -- Metallurgy, Oxidation-reduction reaction, Scanning electron microscopy, Mild steel | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Ironmaking & Steelmaking | ||||||
Publisher: | Maney Publishing | ||||||
ISSN: | 0301-9233 | ||||||
Official Date: | 1 May 2023 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 50 | ||||||
Number: | 11 | ||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1559-1570 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.1080/03019233.2023.2201545 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Re-use Statement: | This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Ironmaking & Steelmaking on 01 May 2023, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/03019233.2023.2201545 | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 12 April 2023 | ||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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