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Retrieval survey of metals in six ultrahot Jupiters : trends in chemistry, rain-out, ionization, and atmospheric dynamics
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Gandhi, Siddharth, Kesseli, Aurora, Zhang, Yapeng, Louca, Amy, Snellen, Ignas, Brogi, Matteo, Miguel, Yamila, Casasayas-Barris, Núria, Pelletier, Stefan, Landman, Rico, Maguire, Cathal and Gibson, Neale P. (2023) Retrieval survey of metals in six ultrahot Jupiters : trends in chemistry, rain-out, ionization, and atmospheric dynamics. The Astronomical Journal, 165 (6). 242. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/accd65 ISSN 1538-3881.
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WRAP-retrieval-survey-metals-six-ultrahot-Jupiters-trends-chemistry-rain-out-ionization-atmospheric-dynamics-2023.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (1892Kb) | Preview |
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/accd65
Abstract
Ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy (HRS) has detected numerous chemical species and atmospheric dynamics in exoplanets, most notably ultrahot Jupiters (UHJs). However, quantitative estimates on abundances have been challenging but are essential for accurate comparative characterization and to determine formation scenarios. In this work, we retrieve the atmospheres of six UHJs (WASP-76 b, MASCARA-4 b, MASCARA-2 b, WASP-121 b, HAT-P-70 b, and WASP-189 b) with ESPRESSO and HARPS-N/HARPS observations, exploring trends in eleven neutral species and dynamics. While Fe abundances agree well with stellar values, Mg, Ni, Cr, Mn, and V show more variation, highlighting the difficulty in using a single species as a proxy for metallicity. We find that Ca, Na, Ti, and TiO are underabundant, potentially due to ionization and/or nightside rain-out. Our retrievals also show that relative abundances between species are more robust, consistent with previous works. We perform spatially resolved and phase-resolved retrievals for WASP-76 b and WASP-121 b given their high signal-to-noise observations, and find the chemical abundances in each of the terminator regions are broadly consistent. We additionally constrain dynamics for our sample through Doppler shifts and broadening of the planetary signals during the primary eclipse, with median blueshifts between ∼0.9 and 9.0 km s−1 due to day–night winds. Furthermore, we constrain spectroscopic masses for MASCARA-2 b and HAT-P-70 b consistent with their known upper limits, but we note that these may be biased due to degeneracies. This work highlights the importance of future HRS studies to further probe differences and trends between exoplanets.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QB Astronomy Q Science > QC Physics |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics | ||||||||||||||||||
SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | ||||||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Extrasolar planets, Extrasolar planets -- Atmopsheres, Atmospheric physics, High resolution spectroscopy | ||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | The Astronomical Journal | ||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | The American Astronomical Society | ||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 1538-3881 | ||||||||||||||||||
Official Date: | 17 May 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 165 | ||||||||||||||||||
Number: | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Article Number: | 242 | ||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.3847/1538-3881/accd65 | ||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 18 July 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 19 July 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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