Sikora, James, Rowe, Jason, Barat, Saugata, Bean, Jacob L., Brady, Madison, Désert, Jean-Michel, Feinstein, Adina D., Gilbert, Emily A., Henry, Gregory, Kasper, David, Lizotte, Déreck-Alexandre, Matesic, Michael R. B., Panwar, Vatsal, Seifahrt, Andreas, Shivkumar, Hinna, Stefánsson, Gudmundur and Stürmer, Julian (2023) Updated planetary mass constraints of the young V1298 Tau system using MAROON-X. The Astronomical Journal, 165 (6). 250. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acc865 ISSN 1538-3881.
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Abstract
The early K-type T-Tauri star, V1298 Tau (V = 10 mag, age ≈ 20–30 Myr) hosts four transiting planets with radii ranging from 4.9 to 9.6 R ⊕. The three inner planets have orbital periods of ≈8–24 days while the outer planet’s period is poorly constrained by single transits observed with K2 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Planets b, c, and d are proto–sub-Neptunes that may be undergoing significant mass loss. Depending on the stellar activity and planet masses, they are expected to evolve into super-Earths/sub-Neptunes that bound the radius valley. Here we present results of a joint transit and radial velocity (RV) modeling analysis, which includes recently obtained TESS photometry and MAROON-X RV measurements. Assuming circular orbits, we obtain a low-significance (≈2σ) RV detection of planet c, implying a mass of 19.8−8.9+9.3M⊕ and a conservative 2σ upper limit of <39 M ⊕. For planets b and d, we derive 2σ upper limits of M b < 159 M ⊕ and M d < 41 M ⊕, respectively. For planet e, plausible discrete periods of P e > 55.4 days are ruled out at the 3σ level while seven solutions with 43.3 < P e/d < 55.4 are consistent with the most probable 46.768131 ± 000076 days solution within 3σ. Adopting the most probable solution yields a 2.6σ RV detection with a mass of 0.66 ± 0.26 M Jup. Comparing the updated mass and radius constraints with planetary evolution and interior structure models shows that planets b, d, and e are consistent with predictions for young gas-rich planets and that planet c is consistent with having a water-rich core with a substantial (∼5% by mass) H2 envelope.
| Item Type: | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QB Astronomy |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics |
| SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router |
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Extrasolar planets, Extrasolar planets -- Detection , K stars -- Motion in line of sight |
| Journal or Publication Title: | The Astronomical Journal |
| Publisher: | The American Astronomical Society |
| ISSN: | 1538-3881 |
| Official Date: | 24 May 2023 |
| Dates: | Date Event 24 May 2023 Published 27 March 2023 Accepted |
| Volume: | 165 |
| Number: | 6 |
| Article Number: | 250 |
| DOI: | 10.3847/1538-3881/acc865 |
| Status: | Peer Reviewed |
| Publication Status: | Published |
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons open licence) |
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 28 June 2023 |
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 28 June 2023 |
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: | Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID 80NSSC22K0117 [NASA] National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| URI: | https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/175975/ |
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