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Sweet and sour synergy : exploring the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of acetic acid and vinegar combined with medical-grade honeys
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Harrison, Freya, Blower, Anisa, de Wolf, Christopher and Connelly, Erin (2023) Sweet and sour synergy : exploring the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of acetic acid and vinegar combined with medical-grade honeys. Microbiology, 167 (7). 001351. doi:10.1099/mic.0.001351 ISSN 1350-0872.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001351
Abstract
Oxymel, a combination of honey and vinegar, has been used as a remedy for wounds and infections in historical and traditional medical settings. While honey is now clinically used to treat infected wounds, this use of a complex, raw natural product (NP) mixture is unusual in modern western medicine. Research into the antimicrobial activity of NPs more usually focuses on finding a single active compound. The acetic acid in vinegar is known to have antibacterial activity at low concentrations and is in clinical use to treat burn wound infections. Here, we investigated the potential for synergistic activity of different compounds present in a complex ingredient used in historical medicine (vinegar) and in an ingredient mixture (oxymel). We conducted a systematic review to investigate published evidence for antimicrobial effects of vinegars against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. No published studies have explicitly compared the activity of vinegar with that of a comparable concentration of acetic acid. We then characterized selected vinegars by HPLC and assessed the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the vinegars and acetic acid, alone and in combination with medical-grade honeys, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus . We found that some vinegars have antibacterial activity that exceeds that predicted by their acetic acid content alone, but that this depends on the bacterial species being investigated and the growth conditions (media type, planktonic vs. biofilm). Pomegranate vinegars may be particularly interesting candidates for further study. We also conclude that there is potential for acetic acid, and some vinegars, to show synergistic antibiofilm activity with manuka honey.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | |||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Anti-infective agents , Biofilms, Natural products, Natural products -- Synthesis, Vinegar -- Therapeutic use | |||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Microbiology | |||||||||
Publisher: | Society for General Microbiology | |||||||||
ISSN: | 1350-0872 | |||||||||
Official Date: | 12 July 2023 | |||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 167 | |||||||||
Number: | 7 | |||||||||
Article Number: | 001351 | |||||||||
DOI: | 10.1099/mic.0.001351 | |||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 8 June 2023 | |||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 17 July 2023 | |||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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