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Incidence of human and free-ranging wild rodent infections with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, aetiological agent of cutaneous Leishmaniasis
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Courtenay, Orin, Marinho-Júnior, José F., Brito, Maria Edileuza F., Monteiro, Juliana F. C. L. S., Shaw, Jeffrey J. and Brandão-Filho, Sinval P. (2023) Incidence of human and free-ranging wild rodent infections with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, aetiological agent of cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Pathogens, 12 (12). 1395. doi:10.3390/pathogens12121395 ISSN 2076-0817.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121395
Abstract
Background. Human and wild rodent infection rates with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are needed to differentiate transmission pathways in anthropogenically altered habitats. Methods. Human participants in northeast Brazil were tested by the leishmanin skin test (LST) and inspected for lesions/scars characteristic of American clinical leishmaniasis (ACL). Molecular (PCR/qPCR) test records of free-ranging rodents were available from a concurrent capture–mark–recapture study. Force of Infection (λ) and recovery (ρ) rates were estimated from cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets. Results. Cumulative prevalences of human LST+ves and ACL scar+ves were 0.343–0.563 (n = 503 participants) and 0.122–0.475 (n = 503), respectively. Active ACL lesions were not detected. Annual rates of LST conversions were λ = 0.03–0.15 and ρ = 0.02–0.07. The probability of infection was independent of sex and associated with increasing age in addition to the period of exposure. Rodents (n = 596 individuals of 6 species) showed high rates of exclusively asymptomatic infection (λ = 0.222/month) and potential infectiousness to the sand fly vector. Spatially concurrent rodent and household human infection prevalences were correlated. Conclusions. Human exposure to L. (V.) braziliensis continues to be high despite the substantial drop in reported ACL cases in recent years. Spill-over transmission risk to humans from rodents in peridomestic habitats is likely supported by a rodent infection/transmission corridor linking houses, plantations, and the Atlantic Forest.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QL Zoology Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | ||||||||||||||||||
SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | ||||||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Leishmaniasis, Leishmaniasis -- Transmission -- Brazil, Leishmaniasis -- Infection -- Prevention, Skin tests , Rodents, Rodents as carriers of disease | ||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Pathogens | ||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | MDPI | ||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 2076-0817 | ||||||||||||||||||
Official Date: | 28 November 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||
Number: | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||
Article Number: | 1395 | ||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.3390/pathogens12121395 | ||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 5 January 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 9 January 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||
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