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Microtubules induce self-organization of polarized PAR domains in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes
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Motegi, Fumio, Zonies, Seth, Hao, Yingsong, Cuenca, Adrian A., Griffin, Erik and Seydoux, Geraldine (2011) Microtubules induce self-organization of polarized PAR domains in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes. Nature Cell Biology, 13 (11). pp. 1361-1367. doi:10.1038/ncb2354 ISSN 1465-7392.
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Official URL: http://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2354
Abstract
A hallmark of polarized cells is the segregation of the PAR polarity regulators into asymmetric domains at the cell cortex1,2. Antagonistic interactions involving two conserved kinases, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and PAR-1, have been implicated in polarity maintenance1,2, but the mechanisms that initiate the formation of asymmetric PAR domains are not understood. Here, we describe one pathway used by the sperm-donated centrosome to polarize the PAR proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes. Before polarization, cortical aPKC excludes PAR-1 kinase and its binding partner PAR-2 by phosphorylation. During symmetry breaking, microtubules nucleated by the centrosome locally protect PAR-2 from phosphorylation by aPKC, allowing PAR-2 and PAR-1 to access the cortex nearest the centrosome. Cortical PAR-1 phosphorylates PAR-3, causing the PAR-3–aPKC complex to leave the cortex. Our findings illustrate how microtubules, independently of actin dynamics, stimulate the self-organization of PAR proteins by providing local protection against a global barrier imposed by aPKC.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Nature Cell Biology | ||||||||
Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group | ||||||||
ISSN: | 1465-7392 | ||||||||
Official Date: | November 2011 | ||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 13 | ||||||||
Number: | 11 | ||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1361-1367 | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.1038/ncb2354 | ||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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