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Influence of particle size and mass loading of hard carbon on sodium ion battery rate performance in industrially relevant full cells
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Constable, Christopher, Coowar, Fazlil, Copley, Mark, Kendrick, Emma, Dancer, Claire E. J. and Hasa, Ivana (2024) Influence of particle size and mass loading of hard carbon on sodium ion battery rate performance in industrially relevant full cells. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 171 . 023506. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad2590 ISSN 1945-7111.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad2590/meta
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) represent a great opportunity for stationary storage, back-up power supply and light electric vehicle applications. Energy and power requirements for these applications needs to be satisfied. Beside material improvement, electrode microstructure plays a critical role. Herein, the influence of hard carbon (HC) particle size and mass loading on the rate performance have been comprehensively investigated. This work analyses the relative contribution of ionic resistance within the porous electrode (Rion) in SIB full cells employing relevant mass loadings. Rion was obtained by applying electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to symmetrical cells and by fitting a transmission line model (TLM) under "blocking" conditions. The relative contribution of Rion arising from HC electrodes was further compared to the charge transfer resistance (RCT) in full cell configuration utilising a three-electrode cell under "non-blocking" conditions. Results illustrate mass loading to be as far more influential on cell rate performance compared to the two particle sizes analyzed. The three-electrode study reveals the contribution of Rion to be greater than that of RCT at high mass loadings and high states of charge for the HC electrode and elucidates that the gravimetric and volumetric discharge capacity of cells is limited by the layered oxide cathode and HC electrode respectively.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | |||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Sodium ion batteries , Electrodes, Carbon , Carbon composites, Impedance spectroscopy, Electrochemical analysis | |||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of The Electrochemical Society | |||||||||
Publisher: | IOP Publishing | |||||||||
ISSN: | 1945-7111 | |||||||||
Official Date: | 23 February 2024 | |||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 171 | |||||||||
Article Number: | 023506 | |||||||||
DOI: | 10.1149/1945-7111/ad2590 | |||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 26 February 2024 | |||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 27 February 2024 | |||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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